Genetic relationships among Achillea tenuifolia accessions using molecular and morphological Markers. Plant omics journal

Abstract ISSR and morphological markers were used to detect genetic diversity in several genotypes of Achillea tenuifolia from different geographical regions of Iran. Fifteen primers revealed 247 polymorphic bands, out of which 214 (86.78%) were polymorphic. The dendrogram was constructed using SM coefficient and UPGMA method. The generated dendrogram revealed three groups. The accessions originated from central regions of the country separated from others in group 3. The principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed the results of clustering (>90%). For morphological traits, North-western (NW) accessions had the highest values of leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, essential oil yield and the latest flowering time, while the Northern one (AtN76) had the highest flower diameter and number of florets in main inflorescence. Results showed the relatively broad genetic base of in most of the accessions evaluated in this study. The lowest and the highest gene diversity were obtained in North-western (AtNW) group (0.18) and Northern (AtN) accession (0.28) respectively. High genetic variation of A. tenuifolia might be attributed to its reproductive propagation and seed dispersal. So, conservation strategies should be provided to maintain such diversity aiming to improve future breeding programs

Evaluation of Genetic Variation of Yellow and White Astragals (Astragalus sp.) in Protected Regions of Isfahan Province Using ISSR Marker

Genetic variation of 16 white and yellow astragal accessions collected from three protected regions of Isfahan province (Mooteh, Kolah-Ghazi and Ghamishloo) were evaluated using ISSR marker. Nine ISSR primers produced 221 bands in which 204 were polymorphic among astragal accessions. ISSR banding patterns were transformed into binary data of presence–absence and matrices were processed with NTSYS Ver. 2 software. Mantel correspondence tests were conducted to select the best similarity coefficient. Dendrogram was constructed using the simple matching coefficient with unweighted pair group mathematical average (UPGMA). Cluster analysis showed the presence of two large and five small groups and the PCoA data confirmed the results of clustering. Results showed that white astragals have more genetic similarity but yellow astragals have more genetic diversity and it is necessary to improve their systematic identification. The highest gene diversity was observed in Kolah-Ghazi (0.366) and the least gene diversity belonged to Moote (0.129). So, the regions with low gene diversity (e. g. Mooteh) should be more protected in relation to astragal accessions and it is necessary to apply genetic conservation strategies in these regions

Spatio-temporal variations of extract produced and fatty acid compounds identified of Gundelia tournefortii L. seeds in central Zagros, Iran

Abstract This study was performed to fulfill two aims. The first aim was to isolate the seed extract of Gundelia tournefortii L. at two phenological stages of seed production (the beginning and end of seed production); the second one was to identify the fatty acid compounds of G. tournefortii L. seeds in its major habitats located in the Central Zagros region, Iran. Among them, some of the major environmental factors on the reproductive growth stage i.e., physiography, soil and climate were studied. Extraction was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus, and the fatty acid compounds were identified by The GC-FID analysis. As a result, site No. 5 with the values of 6.06 and 7.21 g had the highest amount of extract produced, while sites number 7 and 8 had the least one which was 2.86 and 3.84 g at two phenological stages of seed production. There was a strong correlation among the major environmental variables and the amount of extract produced in the phenological stages of seed production; this was also confirmed in relation to the fatty acid compounds and some of their characteristics. Overall, the efficacy of environmental factors on the synthesis process of secondary metabolites is undeniable