Calculation of the Phase Behavior of Lipids

The self-assembly of monoacyl lipids in solution is studied employing a model in which the lipid's hydrocarbon tail is described within the Rotational Isomeric State framework and is attached to a simple hydrophilic head. Mean-field theory is employed, and the necessary partition function of a single lipid is obtained via a partial enumeration over a large sample of molecular conformations. The influence of the lipid architecture on the transition between the lamellar and inverted-hexagonal phases is calculated, and qualitative agreement with experiment is found.Comment: to appear in Phys.Rev.

Seismic studies on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii Island. Geothermal resources exploration in Hawaii: Number 5

This volume contains six reports on seismological studies done in conjunction with other geophysical and geochemical studies of the Hawaii Geothermal Project. The studies were conducted on the easternmost portion of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, near the eventual site of the initial well, HGP-A, drilled by the Hawaii Geothermal Project. Separate abstracts were prepared for each report. (MHR

Evaluation of the potential of ozone as a power plant biocide

A review of the literature on the chemistry and biological effects of ozone was conducted to evaluate the potential of ozone to function as a power plant biocide. Evaluation of this potential is dependent upon determining the ability of ozone to maintain the integrity of both the condenser cooling system and the associated ecosystem. The well-known bactericidal capacity of ozone and the limited biofouling control studies conducted thus far suggest that ozone can control both slime and macroinvertebrate fouling at power plants. However, full-scale demonstrations of the minimum levels of ozone required and of solution of the practical aspects of application have not been performed

Seismic studies on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Island

This volume contains reports on seismological studies done in conjunction with other geophysical and geochemical studies of the Hawaii Geothermal Project. The studies were conducted on the easternmost portion of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, near the eventual site of the initial well, HGP-A, drilled by the Hawaii Geothermal Project. The microearthquake survey by Suyenaga and Furumoto found, among other patterns of seismicity, a small cluster of events at 1-to 3-km depth in the immediate vicinity of HGP-A. Another microearthquake survey conducted by Mattice and Furumoto over a high electrical conductivity anomaly located west of HGP-A found it to be probably more seismically active than the area around the well site. Norris and Furumoto contoured noise levels but found no local amplification at any frequency associated with the geothermal reservoir. However, noise may be associated with magmatic activity. The crustal structure of the area was studied with two sets of seismic refraction profiles reported by Suyenaga and by Broyles. The surface layer has a low but highly variable velocity (0.8 to 1.6 km/sec) and consists of interlayered aa and pahoehoe flows with large voids. A jump in velocity to 2.5 to 3.0 km/sec occurs near sea level and is attributed to saturation of water. A layer of velocity about 5.0 km/sec lies between the 3.0-km/sec and a 7.0-km/sec layer. The latter is interpreted as the dike complex and locally is found as shallow as 2 to 2.5 km. Furumoto combines microearthquake, source mechanism, gravity and thermal data into an interpretation of the process of geothermal reservoir formation in the East Rift Zone.Prepared for NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, Grant GI-38319 and ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, Grant E(04-3)-1093

Preliminary geothermal assessment surveys for the State of Hawaii

Transactions, Geothermal Resources Council, Volume 4"The Geothermal Resource Assessment Program of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics has conducted a series of geochemical and geophysical surveys in ten separate locations within the State of Hawaii in an effort to identify and assess potential geothermal areas throughout the state. The techniques applied include groundwater chemistry and temperatures, soil mercury surveys, ground radon emanometry, time-domain electromagnetic surveys and Schlumberger resistivity soundings. Although geochemical and geophysical anomalies were identified in nearly all the survey sites, those areas which show most promise, based on presently available data, for a geothermal resource are as follows: Puna, Kailua Kona, and Kawaihae on the island of Hawaii; Haiku-Paia and Olowalu-Ukumehame canyons on Maui; and Lualualei Valley on Oahu. Further surveys are planned for most of these areas in order to further define the nature of the thermal resource present.

Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program, direct heat resource assessment interim report, February 1, 1979 to January 31, 1980

During 1979 reconnaissance field surveys were conducted on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, and Oahu with the objective of confirming groundwater chemical data and geophysical data compiled during the preliminary regional assessment of Phase I of the Direct Heat Resource Assessment Program. The exploration techniques applied include (1) groundwater chemistry, (2) mercury-radon surveys, (3) isotopic composition of groundwaters, (4) time domain electromagnetics, and (5) Schlumberger resistivity surveys. The results of these surveys can be classified as follows: (1) Hawaii: Kailua-Kona, strong geochemical anomalies; Kawaihae, strong geophysical anomalies, moderate to strong geochemical anomalies; Hualalai northwest rift, weak geochemical and moderate geophysical anomalies; South Point, moderate to weak geophysical anomalies; Hualalai southeast rift, weak geophysical anomalies; Keaau, weak geophysical and geochemical anomalies; (2) Maui: Haiku-Paia, strong geochemical anomalies; Olowalu-Ukamehame canyons, moderate to strong geochemical and geophysical anomalies; Lahaina, weak geochemical and geophysical anomalies; (3) Oahu: Lualualei, moderate to strong geochemical and geophysical anomalies; Waimanalo-Maunawili, insufficient data.Work performed under Contract DE-AS03-ET7927023