Prise en compte de la biodiversité dans les projets d'aménagement : comment améliorer la commande des études environnementales ?

La meilleure prise en compte de la biodiversité, notamment de la nature ordinaire, du fonctionnement des écosystèmes et de la Trame verte et bleue renforce les exigences sur les études d'impact et les mesures compensatoires dans les projets d'aménagement et dans les documents d'urbanisme. Ceci nécessite de disposer de données environnementales suffisantes et pertinentes pour évaluer les impacts d'un projet. A partir d'études sur la biodiversité en ville et sur l'impact des infrastructures de transport, nous identifions les manques ou problèmes dans la formulation des besoins d'inventaires ou de recueil de données naturalistes. Nous proposons des pistes d'amélioration des relations et des attentes réciproques entre aménageurs et fournisseurs de données naturalistes au sens large. / Better biodiversity integration (in particular daily life nature and ecosystems functioning) strengthen impact studies requirement, compensatory measures and ecological network (Trame verte et bleue) integration into both fitting out projects and town planning documents. This requires numerous and relevant environmental data in order to evaluate project possible impacts. Based on cities biodiversity studies and transportation facilities impact, we point out gaps or problems in inventory needs or natural data recollection formulation. We provide ideas for better relations and better mutual expectations between planners and natural data providers

Genetic Diversity of Andean Tuber Crop Species in the in situ Microcenter of Huanuco, Peru

peer reviewedAndean tuber crop species oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina), ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas), and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav.) play major roles in Andean communities. These species show high variability but are threatened with genetic erosion. To study the management of genetic resources of neglected vegetatively propagated crop species, we studied genetic diversity and structure of these species in an in situ diversity microcenter (Huanuco, Peru). A sample of 15 varieties of oca, 15 of ulluco, and 26 of mashua was analyzed with the inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers. Mean genetic distances and global genetic diversities were high for the three species, with higher values for mashua than for oca and ulluco. Assignment technique divided both oca and ulluco samples into two genetic clusters; the mashua sample probably belongs to a single genetic cluster. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technique showed intravarietal genetic variability for most varieties, suggesting an underestimation of the in situ genetic variability. These results are discussed considering how variation in breeding systems and farmers' practice influenced patterns of genetic diversity. Our findings confirm the hypothesis of a considerable amount of variability found in neglected Andean tubers and are essential to deserve adequate conservation strategies and to maintain genetic resources of neglected Andean tuber crop species under a threat of genetic erosion

Screening of antioxidant properties of the apple juice using the front-face synchronous fluorescence and chemometrics

Fluorescence spectroscopy is gaining increasing attention in food analysis due to its higher sensitivity and selectivity as compared to other spectroscopic techniques. Synchronous scanning fluorescence technique is particularly useful in studies of multi-fluorophoric food samples, providing a further improvement of selectivity by reduction in the spectral overlapping and suppressing light-scattering interferences. Presently, we study the feasibility of the prediction of the total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity using front-face synchronous fluorescence spectra of apple juices. Commercial apple juices from different product ranges were studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the unfolded synchronous fluorescence spectra was used to compare the fluorescence of the entire sample set. The regression analysis was performed using partial least squares (PLS1 and PLS2) methods on the unfolded total synchronous and on the single-offset synchronous fluorescence spectra. The best calibration models for all of the studied parameters were obtained using the PLS1 method for the single-offset synchronous spectra. The models for the prediction of the total flavonoid content had the best performance; the optimal model was obtained for the analysis of the synchronous fluorescence spectra at Delta lambda = 110 nm (R (2) = 0.870, residual predictive deviation (RPD) = 2.7). The optimal calibration models for the prediction of the total phenolic content (Delta lambda = 80 nm, R (2) = 0.766, RPD = 2.0) and the total antioxidant capacity (Delta lambda = 70 nm, R (2) = 0.787, RPD = 2.1) had only an approximate predictive ability. These results demonstrate that synchronous fluorescence could be a useful tool in fast semi-quantitative screening for the antioxidant properties of the apple juices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

La leggenda del pioniere. Diario Mazzini Garibaldi Pissard (1929-1983)

Il volume presenta le memorie di Mazzini Garibaldi Pissard (1908-1997), tecnico della perforazione dell'Agip, in servizio presso l'azienda petrolifera di stato dagli anni venti agli anni ottanta. Il diario \ue8 corredato da un'introduzione storica (D. Pozzi), dai ricordi del figlio Paolo Pissard e da note biografiche (F. Guidi

A preliminary study of the genetic diversity of Bolivian oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.) varieties maintained in situ and ex situ through the utilization of ISSR molecular markers

ISSR molecular markers have been used to investigate genetic diversity of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), an Andean neglected tuber crop species. Sampling procedure allowed a preliminary study of the genetic diversity at the intra- and intervarietal levels. Twenty tuber lots conserved in situ in the microcentre of Candelaria and ex situ in the Toralapa Centre (Bolivia) were identified. Four ISSR primers amplified a total of 25 fragments of which 17 (68%) were polymorphic. These experiments show that the structure of oca varieties is mainly based upon vernacular names with a greater differentiation among tuber lots than within them, supporting agromorphological data. ISSR technique enlightened the existence of heterogeneous varieties in oca and divergence between in situ and ex situ conservation, strategies. These observations are potentially linked to the different ways of management of tubers in these two conservation systems

Use of NIR spectroscopy on fresh apples to determine the phenolic compounds and dry matter content in peel and flesh

Description of the subject. The article deals with the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on fresh apples to determine the phenolic compounds and dry matter content in peel and flesh powders. Objectives. The aim is the rapid and non-destructive determination of these nutritional parameters. Method. Two hundred twenty-nine fruits from 20 varieties were analyzed with NIR spectroscopy and reference methods. Results. Great variability of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in peel and flesh powders was observed among varieties. The dry matter (DM) content also differed greatly between peel and flesh. Calibration and validation models showed high coefficients of determination for the TPC content, which were slightly higher for the peel than for the flesh (R² val = 0.91 and 0.84 respectively). For the DM content, high coefficients of determination and ratios of prediction to deviation (RPDs) were also observed (R² val = 0.94, RPD = 4.8 and R² val = 0.94, RPD = 4.9 for the peel and flesh respectively). Conclusions. Calibration and validation models allow quantitative predictions to be made for TPC and DM content. They confirm the potential of NIRS for predicting the polyphenol content and highlight its potential for determining the DM content, a parameter often neglected in research into apple quality

First reported case of prenatal diagnosis for pyruvate kinase deficiency in a chinese family

We describe the first case of prenatal diagnosis for pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in Chinese and emphasize that this disease is an important differential diagnosis in pediatric patients with non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. A Han Chinese child with a history of severe transfusion-dependent hemolytic anemia was diagnosed to have PK deficiency. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on the second child based on the genetic findings from the family. The index patient was compound heterozygous for a missense mutation (c.1073G.A. p.Gly358Glu) from his father and a large deletion (c.283z1914_c.1434del5006) from his mother. The fetus was a simple heterozygote for the paternal mutation. Pregnancy was allowed to continue and a healthy baby was born. Severe PK deficiency warranting prenatal diagnosis is seen in Han Chinese. Genetic characterization and genotype-phenotype correlation studies on PKLR in different populations are indicated to better define the role of prenatal diagnosis in PK deficiency. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2011.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Classical and NIR measurements of the quality and nutritional parameters of apples: a methodological study of intra-fruit variability

For the past few years, research has focused on the application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) techniques to analyze the quality of apple varieties. As all fruit quality and nutritional parameters are affected by many factors, to standardize the sampling methods prior to analysis is very important. In this study, the intra-fruit variability of apple varieties in terms of quality parameters (sugar, total polyphenol and vitamin C content) was examined. The adequacy of the protocols usually applied to analyze apple quality (reference analyses of a representative sample of the apple and NIR measurements collected at four points 45° from each other in the equatorial region of the apple) was then investigated. The reference values for the quality parameters showed important intra-fruit variability for all quality parameters analyzed. The results also showed that there was little difference between the mean value at the four points and the mean value of the entire apple. This suggested that a mean value obtained from a representative sample of an apple is enough to assess the variability within the fruit and to estimate, with precision, the content of the quality parameters. The results of NIR spectroscopy showed that measurement at the four target points is suitable for predicting quality parameters precisely. The study concluded that standardized reference analyses should be done on a representative fruit sample of an apple and spectral measurements made at four points 45° from each other in the equatorial region of the apple

CDNA-AFLP analysis of differentially expressed transcripts in partially resistant apple cultivar leaves infected by Venturia inaequalis

Apple scab is one of the most important diseases of apple. Although resistance genes governing qualitative resistance have been isolated and characterized, the biological roles of genes governing quantitative resistance are still unknown. This study investigated the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the partial resistance against Venturia inaequalis of an old Belgian apple cultivar 'President Roulin'. Gene expression in both resistant and susceptible apple cultivars after scab inoculation was studied using the cDNA-AFLP method. From about 10,250 cDNA fragments detected, 252 bands were up- or down-regulated in the resistant cultivar 48 hours after scab inoculation. From these amplicons, 135 appeared to be regulated only in the resistant cultivar, but not in the susceptible cultivar 'Gala'. Some 224 fragments were constitutively expressed by the resistant cultivar only, and were not affected by the fungal infection. All the pathogen-responsive fragments and some of the fragments showing constitutive expression were cloned, sequenced and compared with GENBANK accessions using blastx. Homologies to known genes revealed several proteins belonging to the NBS-LRR and LRR-RLK classes of plant R genes. Other defense-related transcripts were also identified and could play a role in a partial scab defense response. Expression of these genes was verified by real-time quantitative PCR