Risk of Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to evaluate the possible connection between AF and VTE.Material and methods. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) contribute to intra-atrial blood stasis which leads to thrombus formation with its embolization. There is some evidence that AF can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The following databases were searched: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The time frame for conducting a systematic literature search ranged from January 1, 1990 to November 1, 2021. The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation had to be confirmed by using ECG. The diagnosis of VTE could be made with Doppler imaging, ventilation/perfusion scan, CT angiography, venography, angiography or autopsy. Only the three studies with 102192 patients meeting the requirement were included in the meta-analysis.Results. The prevalence of DVT and PE were assessed using incidence rate ratios (IRR) method of the inverse variance random effects model and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The significant association between atrial fibrillation and pulmonary embolism was found (IRR, 4.18 95% Cl 1.958.98). Also there is obvious association between DVT and AF (IRR, 2.97 95% Cl 2.18-4.03).Conclusion. It can be concluded that the increased risk of developing VTE is associatedwith concomitant AF

Deep Eutectic Solvent Synthesis of Perovskite Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation

Oxide perovskites have attracted great interest as materials for energy conversion due to their stability and structural tunability. La-based perovskites of 3d-transition metals have demonstrated excellent activities as electrocatalysts in water oxidation. Herein, we report the synthesis route to La-based perovskites using an environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and malonic acid. The DES route affords phase-pure crystalline materials on a gram scale and results in perovskites with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction. A convenient, fast, and scalable synthesis proceeds via assisted metathesis at a lower temperature as compared to traditional solid-state methods. Among LaCoO3, LaMn0.5Ni0.5O3, and LaMnO3 perovskites prepared via the DES route, LaCoO3 was established to be the best-performing electrocatalyst for water oxidation in alkaline medium at 0.25 mg cm–2 mass loading. LaCoO3 exhibits current densities of 10, 50, and 100 mA cm–2 at respective overpotentials of approximately 390, 430, and 470 mV, respectively, and features a Tafel slope of 55.8 mV dec–1. The high activity of LaCoO3 as compared to the other prepared perovskites is attributed to the high concentration of oxygen vacancies in the LaCoO3 lattice, as observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An intrinsically high concentration of O vacancies in the LaCoO3 synthesized via the DES route is ascribed to the reducing atmosphere attained upon thermal decomposition of the DES components. These findings will contribute to the preparation of highly active perovskites for various energy applications.This article is published as Hong, Sangki, Aida M. Díez, Adedoyin N. Adeyemi, Juliana PS Sousa, Laura M. Salonen, Oleg I. Lebedev, Yury V. Kolen’ko, and Julia V. Zaikina. "Deep eutectic solvent synthesis of perovskite electrocatalysts for water oxidation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, no. 20 (2022): 23277-23284. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24223. Copyright 2022 The Authors. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Posted with permission

Phenanthrene catalytic cracking in Supercritical Water: effect of the reaction medium on NiMo/SiO2 catalysts

A series of NiMo/SiO2 catalysts was synthesized by sol-gel method for heavy oil upgrading in supercritical water (SCW). Phenanthrene was used as substrate as it represents polyaromatic structures present in asphaltenes. No phenanthrene conversion was observed in a blank (non-catalytic) experiment. However, phenanthrene conversions up to 24 % after 1 h of reaction in SCW at 425 °C and 230 bar were observed in the presence of NiMo/SiO2, underlining the role of the catalysts in the process. Conversion was found to be dependent mainly on Ni content and the Ni/Mo ratio in the catalysts. The liquid products obtained are thought to be the result of both oxidation and hydrogenation processes. Characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed. It was revealed that catalysts are not completely stable in SCW, showing that NiMo intermetallic compounds formed the initial catalysts were decomposed, Mo0 and Ni0 were oxidised and the latter formed Ni2SiO4. In addition, MoO2 phase domain size in the catalysts increased and the surface of the spent catalysts appeared to be enriched with Ni and depleted with Mo

ЛЕФОКЦИН В ТЕРАПИИ ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ В АМБУЛАТОРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ LEFOXIN IN THE THERAPY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN OUT-PATIENT CONDITIONS

Проведена оценка клинической эффективности и переносимости терапии антибактериальным препа-ратом Лефокцин (левофлоксацин компании Шрея Лайф Саенсиз Пвт. Лтд., Индия) у 125 больных внеболь-ничной пневмонией в возрасте от 18 до 76 лет. Установлено достоверное (p < 0,05) уменьшение симптомов заболевания (уменьшение кашля, одышки, снижение количества мокроты и степени ее гнойности в обеих группах) уже к 3-му дню антибактериальной терапии препаратом Лефокцин. Клиническая эффективность по окончании терапии отмечалась у всех пациентов. Антибактериальный препарат Лефокцин хорошо пе-реносится больными. Переносимость препарата Лефокцин при лечении внебольничной пневмонии была признана отличной у 84 (67,2 %) больных, хорошей -у 32 (25,6 %) больных. Серьезных побочных реакций, требующих отмены препарата, отмечено не было. Высокая клиническая эффективность, хорошая перено-симость позволяют рекомендовать Лефокцин как антибактериальный препарат для эмпирической терапии внебольничной пневмонии. Clinical Polyclinic № 5, Kemerovo, 6 City clinical polyclinic № 5, Perm, e-mail: [email protected]; 7 Stavropol state medical university, Stavropol, e-mail: [email protected] Evaluation of clinical effi cacy and tolerability of antimicrobial Lefoxin (levofl oxacin of the company Shreya Life Sciences PVT.LTD., India) was performed on 125 patients with community-acquired pneumonia at the age from 18 to 76 years. It was established (p < 0,05) that the symptoms reduced (decrease coughing, wheezing, reduction in the number of sputum and its degree of purulence in both groups) by the 3rd day of antibiotic therapy with Lefoxin. At the end of treatment clinical effi cacy was observed in all patients. The antibacterial drug Lefoxin was well tolerated. The drug tolerance of Lefoxin was considered as excellent in 84 (67,2 %) patients and good in 32 (25,6 %) patients in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Serious adverse reactions requiring discontinuation of the drug have not been detected. Clinical effi cacy and good tolerability allow us to recommend Lefoxin as an antibacterial drug for the empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

Influence of Using Various Levels of Protein Concentrate in Rations of Ayrshire Dairy Cows on Rumen Microbiome, Reproductive Traits and Economic Efficiency

Animal feeding research has revealed a close relationship between the chemical composition and nutritional value of cow rations, the number of rumen bacterial communities and animal productivity. Our present research aimed to investigate the outcome of inclusion of different levels of protein concentrate in rations of Ayrshire dairy cows in relation to the rumen microbiome, reproductive traits and economic value. Forty-five Ayrshire cows were divided into three groups (15 in each). The first control group 0 AM was fed the basal ration, while the second 1 AM and third 2 AM groups were fed the basic ration with the sunflower cake replaced by different levels of protein concentrate Agro-Matic (1 and 1.5 kg/head/day, respectively). Ruminal fluid samples, reproductive parameters and economic value were studied. During the early lactation period, 120 days in milk (DIM), the number of pathogenic microorganisms decreased in both the 1 AM and 2 AM groups when compared with the control group 0 AM; moreover, a significant decrease in Peptococcus bacteria was recorded in the 1 AM group, while Fusobacterium decreased in the 2 AM group. At the end of lactation, the total number of cellulolytic bacteria increased with the use of protein concentrate in animals of the 1 AM group when compared with the control group. Regarding undesirable bacteria, the 2 AM group recorded the highest value for Lactobacilli and Actinobacteria when compared with the 0 AM group (0.18 and 8.90 vs. 0.04 and 4.24), and the differences were significant (p p > 0.05. The profitability of milk production increased by 2.76% and 6.28% in both supplemented groups, and the differences compared to the 0 AM group were significant. We conclude that the supplementation of Agro-Matic caused no deviations from the normal standards of cellulolytic, amylolytic, transit and pathogenic bacteria, no impact on reproductive functions and significantly improved the profitability of the milk production process of Ayrshire dairy cows

Patient-derived xenograft model of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in immunodeficient Balb/c Nude mice

Background: Orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in immunodeficient mice are recognized as the most adequate neoplastic model due to their ability to maintain primary tumor properties after implantation. They can be used to study anti-neoplastic effects of pharmacological substances in vivo and to investigate characteristics and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Results of preclinical studies of pharmacological substances obtained with PDX models are virtually no different from those of subsequent clinical trials. Aim: To develop an orthotopic PDX model of a highly differentiated human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) by implanting a fragment of the patient's tumor into the pancreas of immunodeficient mice. Materials and methods: A tumor fragment was obtained from a patient with a highly differentiated pNET G2 and liver metastasis. Fifteen (15) male immunodeficient Balb/c Nude mice with a mass of 22-24 grams were used to establish the orthotopic PDX model of human well-differentiated pNET. A fragment of primary pNET was orthotopically transplanted into the pancreas of 10 animals. A fragment of the metastatic lesion was transplanted into the liver of 5 animals. The animals were followed for up to 45 days. In vivo monitoring of the tumor growth was performed with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (ClinScan, Bruker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany). At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and autopsies were performed, with routine histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study with antibodies to human chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and the marker of proliferative activity (Ki-67) of both original donor tumor and orthotopic pancreatic and liver xenografts. Results: Obvious changes in the mice condition were noticed at 30 days after surgery. They manifested as an increase in abdominal distension, swelling, and cyanosis in the projection of the pancreas. MRI showed a homogeneous neoplasm in the pancreas. At autopsy, the engraftment rate was 73% of all study animals, with yellow masses with even contours and a volume of about 100 cm3 present within the yellow-pink pancreatic tissues. The morphological assessment showed histological similarity between the original patient's tumor and patient-derived xenografts, which were identified as highly differentiated G2 pNETs. At immunohistochemical assessment, the patient's primary and metastatic tumor tissue specimens expressed anti-chromogranin A (full-blown cytoplasmic reaction) and anti-synaptophysin (mild cytoplasmic reaction) antibodies. Ki-67 was positive in 5.2% of the cells. An immunohistochemical study of the orthotopic tumor fragments and heterotopic tumor fragments showed moderate cytoplasmic staining with antibodies to chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The rate of Ki-67 in the orthotopic pNET model and metastatic model does not exceed 5% and 8%, respectively. Conclusion: Engraftment of tumor material after transplantation of human pancreatic cancer was observed in 73% of the cases, which should be considered a good first passage implantation result. The morphological studies confirmed that the orthotopic PDX was a well-differentiated pNET, histologically corresponding to the donor tumor. The model created in the experiment mirrors the histological characteristics of the donor tumor and can be used in preclinical studies of new treatments for well-differentiated pNETs, including those of antitumor activity of new pharmacological substances