Differentiated effects of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine on sleep architecture: Part 1, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison with paroxetine in healthy men

We compared the effect of vortioxetine, paroxetine and placebo after three days of dosing on sleep architecture. This was a randomised, double-blind, four-way crossover, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in 24 healthy young men. Subjects received 20mg vortioxetine, 40mg vortioxetine, 20mg paroxetine or placebo for three consecutive days in four different periods with at least three weeks between them. Polysomnography and blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis were performed on the pre-dose night and nights 1 and 3 of dosing in each period. Plasma concentrations of vortioxetine and paroxetine during the polysomnography measurement were used to estimate SERT occupancies using published relationships in healthy subjects. All three active treatments significantly increased REM onset latency and decreased time spent in REM sleep. In the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis significant relationships were found between REM onset latency and time spent in REM sleep and vortioxetine/paroxetine exposure. The relation between REM suppression parameters and SERT occupancy was significantly different between vortioxetine and paroxetine, despite the same SERT occupancy. This indicates that vortioxetine has a different clinical pharmacological profile from paroxetine, which may explain the differences in adverse effect profile of the two drugs, for instance the lower incidence of nausea, weight gain and sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine

Stop the Madness! College Faculty and Student Perceptions of Classroom Incivility

Classroom incivility is causing major concern, nation-wide, to college administrators, faculty, and students. The damage caused by student incivility has been associated with a decrease in student learning, the deterioration of the classroom learning environment, lower faculty morale, and reduced student retention rates. The purpose of this quantitative non-experimental fixed research design was to explore and compare college faculty and student perceptions of type and frequency of classroom incivilities at a private college in order to provide a foundation for the development of strategies to reduce uncivil behaviors and increase student success. Study results demonstrated that faculty members and students, at the target institution, agreed on the types of uncivil behaviors yet disagreed on the frequency of the behaviors in the classroom. These sets of observations presented two entirely different pictures of the classroom environment. The results of the present study have important implications for creating faculty workshops and opportunities for professional development focused on curbing classroom incivilities and increasing student success

Pasture cultivar comparison on red loam soil - large plots.

Trial 88GE34 Locations : North Mullewa Research Station and Morawa Agricultural School. Evaluation of pasture cultivars in large plots

Effect of deep ripping and aphid infestation on pasture production.

Trial 88EC18 Location: East Chapman Research Station. Half the trial site was cultivated to 30cm at the break of the season and the whole site was normally cultivated. Weeds were then sprayed with Roundup at 1 1/ha prior to seeding with an eight run cone seeder. The plots were kept weed free during the year by hand weeding. The root distribution was calculated from soil cores taken in 20 cm increments on 20 August. Aphid cortrol consisted of spraying every two weeks with Pirimor at 140 g/ha between July and October. Lorsban at 150 ml/ha was used for the last two sprays, which appeared to have some affect on the pasture growth and may have compounded the results slightly. Both cultivars displayed an early response to deep ripping, however this response had faded out by 8 weeks after germination and had no effect on seed yield. Blue-green aphids were at the highest numbers between 8 and 11 weeks, and had virtually disappeared by 13 weeks

Serradella establishment on light textured soil.

Trial 87GE81 Location: East Chapman Research Station. Evaluate early maturing serradella lines on deep sands

Annual medic evaluation on Eradu sandplain soil - plots

Trial 88EC17 Location: East Chapman Research Station. The plots were hand sown at 2 g/m2 of inoculated and lime pelleted seed. The medics were inoculated with WSM540 which may have been ineffective on some of the M. littoralis and M. tornata varieties. The time taken to form ripe pods was monitored to gain some extra measure of maturity besides flowering time for comparing wide ranges of species. The ripening time involved was very similar over all the varieties, averaging out to 44 days after the flower opens. What appears to be a more important factor when considering maturity is the rate of flower and pod development, which appears the most rapid in M. tornata and M. polymorpha

Pasture cultivar comparison - large plots.

Trial 88TS63 Location: Perenjori To evaluate the effect of various legume pasture cultivars on pasture and crop production

Pasture cultivar comparison on acid wodjil soil - large plots.

Trial 88TS64 Location: Latham To evaluate the effect of various legume pasture cultivars on pasture production on acid wodjil soils