Writing preparation outlines for public speaking in tertiary classrooms

This research aims to provide some ideas on the process of writing an outline for speech communication by undergraduate students at Universiti Utara Malaysia. Students face numerous problems in writing the outlines for their speaking task. Their initial hurdle is on the selection of an appropriate topic. Before selecting a topic, students would have to take into consideration the demographic factors of the target audience, their attitude and interest before writing the outlines. Besides, students need to determine the general purpose, specific purpose and the central idea of their speech. They should decide whether they are speaking to inform or to persuade their audience, and to write the outline that corresponds with the specific purpose of their speech. Students gather appropriate materials from various sources including surveys and interviews before they begin drafting their outlines. Although students are adept in collecting materials, there is an acute tendency in them to commit plagiarism. Apart from that, students should ensure that the materials gathered corroborate their stand on the topic. They should attempt to provide suitable examples, statistics and testimonies to convince their audience. Finally, they will have to decide on the organizational method that best fits their speech before writing the outlines

Chain models and the spectra of tridiagonal k-Toeplitz matrices

Chain models can be represented by a tridiagonal matrix with periodic entries along its diagonals. Eigenmodes of open chains are represented by spectra of such tridiagonal $k$-Toeplitz matrices, where $k$ represents length of the repeated unit, allowing for a maximum of $k$ distinct types of elements in the chain. We present an analysis that allows for generality in $k$ and values in $\mathbb{C}$ representing elements of the chain, including non-Hermitian systems. Numerical results of spectra of some special $k$-Toeplitz matrices are presented as a motivation. This is followed by analysis of a general tridiagonal $k$-Toeplitz matrix of increasing dimensions, beginning with 3-term recurrence relations between their characteristic polynomials involving a $k^{th}$ order coefficient polynomial, with the variables and coefficients in $\mathbb{C}$. The existence of limiting zeros for these polynomials and their convergence are established, and the conditioned $k^{th}$ order coefficient polynomial is shown to provide a continuous support for the limiting spectra representing modes of the chain. This analysis also includes the at most $2k$ eigenvalues outside this continuous set. It is shown that this continuous support can as well be derived using Widom's conditional theorems (and its recent extensions) for the existence of limiting spectra for block-Toeplitz operators, except in special cases. Numerical examples are used to graphically demonstrate theorems. As an addendum, we derive expressions for $O(k)$ computation of the determinant of tridiagonal $k$-Toeplitz matrices of any dimension

Natural Dyeing Using Bauhinia Purprea Flower on Selected Fabrics

The dyeing process for textiles has been practiced by humans since ancient times. There's been a great deal of focus on in the recent past on the process of natural dyeing because of the awareness of textiles that are eco-friendly and sustainable. As people's awareness of their own health increases, so do their demands that textile products be produced using dyes that are sustainable and friendly to the environment and dyeing techniques. On that basis, the eco-friendly natural dye was produced from the abundantly available "Bauhinia purpurea" flower in the current study. In this study, 100% silk woven fabric, 100% cotton woven fabric, and 100% cotton knitted fabric were used for dyeing (Bauhinia purpurea), and a color fastness test was carried out for all three samples. From the result, it was concluded that, among the three samples, the 100% silk woven fabric was the best due to its good color fastness test and dye absorbency

The Role of the Surgeon and Transurethral Resection in the Treatment of Superficial Bladder Cancer

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers are a heterogeneous group of cancers whose spectrum includes low grade Ta lesions and high-grade T1 lesions. Accurate staging and grading during initial evaluation and TUR ensures appropriate treatment and prevents the risk of understaging. TUR should be ideally performed under spinal anesthesia, with a continuous flow video resectoscope to maintain a stable bladder capacity, and a video monitor. The entire bladder must be visualized, with both 30- and 70-degree lenses, and all abnormal areas must be resected, with separate biopsies from each tumor's base. Repeat TUR is recommended for all high grade tumors and T1 tumors, especially if muscle was not present in the initial specimen. Immediate instillation of single dose chemotherapy agents following TUR is highly recommended to reduce the risk of tumor recurrences

Analysis of Link Availability in FSO-OFDM System under Various Climatic Conditions

Free Space Optics (FSO) is an emerging solution for the last mile broad band connectivity where deployment of fiber is expensive. This wireless technology has attracted the researchers due to the ease of erecting along the windows and terrace and the abundant bandwidth available in the unlicensed band. Combining OFDM with FSO gives a hybrid technique - OFDM based FSO or FSO-OFDM in which OFDM symbol modulates the light that passes through free space. Various predictable and unpredictable phenomena cause variation in the light that causes the fading effect of the received signal. Besides the atmospheric effect, the signal power varies within the symbol. The link availability has been calculated by setting threshold power at the receiver. The simulation of the OFDM based FSO system under three climatic conditions namely summer, winter and rainy has been observed that shows the link availability is 99.3% for summer, 98.32% for winter and 98.99% for rainy condition. Under worst climatic condition link availability is 98.17%. Thus FSO- OFDM is able to provide better connectivity even under any atmospheric condition

Nanoparticle-coated microcrystals

Coprecipitation provides a rapid high-yield method for self-assembly of nanoparticles on the surface of flat water-soluble crystalline surfaces and a simple immobilisation technique prior to storage or thermal and chemical modification