Efficiency of Some Selective Herbicides in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivation and Their Interaction with Biofarm Biological Fertilizer

To evaluate the effect of herbicides and biofarm (Pseudomonas spp.) as biological fertilizer on weeds and yield components of canola, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of East Azarbaijan in 2009. The treatment factors consisted of herbicide (factor A) at 4 levels (application of trifloralin, Treflan, at 2.5 l/ha as pre-planting, chlopyralid, Lontrel, at 0.8 l/ha when canola plants were at 2-4 leaf stage, metazachlor+quinmerac, Butizan star, at 2.5 l/ha at cotyledonous stage of canola, and not controlling the weeds as check. Biological fertilizer (factor B) at 2 levels, using or not using the biofarm. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvvensis) and tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia), being in same family with canola, were the dominant weeds in the field. Traits like number of species and biomass of weeds, biomass and yield of the crop were recorded to evaluate the effects of the treatments. The statistical analysis indicated that Botizan star and Treflan, compared with control, significantly reduced the number and biomass of wild mustard. In spite of non significant effect of the herbicide on number of tansy mustard and total weed, Botizan star and Treflan significantly reduced their biomasses. Application of biofarm and its interaction with herbicides did not influence the evaluated traits significantly. The herbicides, also, did not have significant effect on biomass and yield of the crop

Evaluation on Morphological Characters of European Mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orth.: Gryllotalpidae) in the North-west of Iran

The European mole cricket is considered to be of the most important insect pests of Iran, especially in Azerbaijan province. Its damage in some area economically is very high. In this study, morphological characteristics, including the length of various parts of the pest body, were evaluated. Analyzing of the size of fore and hind wings results of the adults in this species, showed that there were seasonal dimorphism as long-winged (L.W.) and short-winged (S.W.) among the insects. Based on the literature available seasonal dimorphism in this species is the first report in the world, and probably each morph of this species is various in different both in the biology and behavior. Sexual dimorphism can be distinguished by study pattern of venation in the forewings of sexes. One of the important characteristics in distinguishing mole cricket species is arrangement spines in the fore and hind tibia where their numbers and sizes of these spines in various species are different. The fore tibia of insect has four wide and strong dactyls in its apex, but lateral margin of the hind tibia armed with five sharp spines with seven spines at the end of its tibia