Predicting Performance of Channel Assignments in Wireless Mesh Networks through Statistical Interference Estimation

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) deployments are poised to reduce the reliance on wired infrastructure especially with the advent of the multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) WMN architecture. But the benefits that MRMC WMNs offer viz., augmented network capacity, uninterrupted connectivity and reduced latency, are depreciated by the detrimental effect of prevalent interference. Interference mitigation is thus a prime objective in WMN deployments. It is often accomplished through prudent channel allocation (CA) schemes which minimize the adverse impact of interference and enhance the network performance. However, a multitude of CA schemes have been proposed in research literature and absence of a CA performance prediction metric, which could aid in the selection of an efficient CA scheme for a given WMN, is often felt. In this work, we offer a fresh characterization of the interference endemic in wireless networks. We then propose a reliable CA performance prediction metric, which employs a statistical interference estimation approach. We carry out a rigorous quantitative assessment of the proposed metric by validating its CA performance predictions with experimental results, recorded from extensive simulations run on an ns-3 802.11g environment

Savings Behaviour in the Indian Economy

An attempt has been made in the present exercise to examine the savings behaviour in the Indian Economy in terms of shift in the growth rates of domestic savings, and in magnitude of income elasticity of the domestic savings at the aggregate and disaggregate levels during post economic reform period. The results show that there is no shift in the growth rate of the domestic savings both at aggregate and disaggregate levels during post economic reform period. However there has been acceleration in the growth rates of domestic savings of household and private sectors and deceleration in public sector during 1950--2002. The estimate of constant income elasticity of household savings is found to be more than unity implying that the marginal propensity to save is higher than the average propensity to save, all else equal. Further the constant income elasticity of household savings is moderately higher than that of the income elasticities of domestic savings estimated for private and public sectors during pre economic reform period. The results point out that there is no shift in the magnitude of income elasticity of savings of household, private and public sectors during post economic reform period showing the homogeneity in the size of the income elasticity of domestic savings. Thus the economic reforms that have been initiated in 1992 could not bump up the growth rate of savings and magnitude of the income elasticity of domestic savings both at aggregate and disaggregate levels in the Indian Economy during post economic reform period.

Sustaining Rural Livelihoods in Fragile Environments : Resource Endowments or Policy Interventions?

This paper primarily assesses the status of rural livelihoods in fragile environments with diverse resource endowments and policy interventions. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of resource enhancing policy interventions like watershed development in reducing resource endowment imbalances across villages and regions. Livelihood assessment was carried out using the sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) framework in the fragile regions of Andhra Pradesh. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the rural livelihoods covering all the 555 households in three sample villages. It is argued that resource endowments determine the level and dynamics of livelihoods at the household level rather than policy interventions per se. On the other hand, policy interventions, given the status and structure of the economy, only act as catalysts. Policies for strengthening the resource base are necessary but not sufficient to address the livelihood issues. In the present case it is shown that availability of water (irrigation) is more important than the recent policy interventions like watershed development for improving the livelihoods. Nevertheless, policy interventions towards human capital development (education, skills, etc) could be rewarding in the long run. Unless policies are directed towards bringing changes in natural resource endowments (especially water) at the household level, it is unlikely that the on going policy interventions would transform the rural livelihoods in the fragile environments.Rural livelihoods, resource endowments, watershed development, policy

Sustaining rural livelihoods in fragile environments: Resource endowments or policy interventions?

This paper primarily assesses the status of rural livelihoods in fragile environments with diverse resource endowments and policy interventions. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of resource enhancing policy interventions like watershed development in reducing resource endowment imbalances across villages and regions. Livelihood assessment was carried out using the sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) framework in the fragile regions of Andhra Pradesh. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the rural livelihoods covering all the 555 households in three sample villages.Rural livelihoods, resource endowments, watershed development, policy interventions, Andhra Pradesh