Эпидемиология внелегочного туберкулеза в регионах с высокой заболеваемостью

The objective of the study: to assess the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two high-burden regions (Siberia, the Far East of the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Tajikistan), with the consideration of HIV status, gender, and age of patients. Subjects and methods. A simple cohort open retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of statistical reports from TB control institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation for 2018. Results. In the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District, among extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, the proportion of bone and joint tuberculosis made 43.6%, urinary tuberculosis – 21.3%, and tuberculosis of central nervous system ranked third and made 17%. In Tajikistan, bone and joint tuberculosis also prevailed and made 46.0%, followed by tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes. In Tajikistan, among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients, HIV positive patients made only 3.5%, while in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, they made 36.8%. However, in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, among HIV positive patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the central nervous system (38.3%) prevailed, in the Republic of Tajikistan it was tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes (37.9%), followed by bone and joint tuberculosis (31.0%) and abdominal tuberculosis (17.2%). Urogenital tuberculosis was in the last place in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients.Цель исследования: оценить структуру внелегочного туберкулеза (ВТЛ) в двух эпидемически неблагополучных регионах (Сибирь, Дальний Восток РФ и Республика Таджикистан) с учетом ВИЧ-статуса, пола и возраста пациентов. Материал и методы. Простое когортное открытое ретроспективное исследование проведено на основе анализа статистических отчетов противотуберкулезных учреждений Республики Таджикистан, Сибирского (СФО) и Дальневосточного (ДФО) федерального округа РФ за 2018 г. Результаты. В СФО и ДФО РФ в структуре ВЛТ доля костно-суставного туберкулеза (КСТ) составила 43,6%, мочеполового – 21,3%, на третьем месте – туберкулез центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) – 17%. В Таджикистане ведущей локализацией также был КСТ ‒ 46,0%, на втором месте ‒ туберкулез периферических лимфатических узлов (ТПЛУ). В Таджикистане среди больных ВЛТ было всего 3,5% ВИЧ-позитивных, а в СФО и ДФО РФ ‒ 36,8%. При этом если в СФО и ДФО РФ среди больных с ВЛТ при ВИЧ-позитивном статусе преобладал туберкулез ЦНС (38,3%), то в Республике Таджикистан это был ТПЛУ (37,9%), затем КСТ (31,0%) и абдоминальный туберкулез (17,2%). Урогенитальный туберкулез был на последнем месте в структуре ВЛТ при ВИЧ-позитивном статусе

Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in high-burden regions

The objective of the study: to assess the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in two high-burden regions (Siberia, the Far East of the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Tajikistan), with the consideration of HIV status, gender, and age of patients. Subjects and methods. A simple cohort open retrospective study was carried out based on the analysis of statistical reports from TB control institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation for 2018. Results. In the Siberian Federal District and Far Eastern Federal District, among extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, the proportion of bone and joint tuberculosis made 43.6%, urinary tuberculosis – 21.3%, and tuberculosis of central nervous system ranked third and made 17%. In Tajikistan, bone and joint tuberculosis also prevailed and made 46.0%, followed by tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes. In Tajikistan, among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients, HIV positive patients made only 3.5%, while in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, they made 36.8%. However, in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, among HIV positive patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the central nervous system (38.3%) prevailed, in the Republic of Tajikistan it was tuberculosis of peripheral lymph nodes (37.9%), followed by bone and joint tuberculosis (31.0%) and abdominal tuberculosis (17.2%). Urogenital tuberculosis was in the last place in the structure of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients

Investigation of the quality of functioning of a quadrature signals receiver of a continuous automatic cab signaling on records of real signals and interference

Ensuring a safe transportation process is impossible without the use of complex systems for interval regulation of train traffic. In particular, such a system is a continuous automatic cab signaling (CACS) where signals are affected by various kinds of interference, leading to system failures. To reduce the number of system failures, the authors previously proposed a quadrature signal receiver of CACS (QSR of CACS). The article presents the methodology and results of an experimental study of the quality of the functioning of the QSR of CACS on records of real signals and interference. A simulation model of the test facility has been developed in the Simulink simulation environment. The study showed that the QSR of CACS provides reliable reception of CACS code signals with a low level of interference. However, it needs to apply additional measures in it to reduce the influence of impulse noise