Leaf surface chemistry of sorghum seedlings influencing expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is one of the serious constraints to sorghum production, and host plant resistance is an important component for controlling this pest. We studied the expression of resistance to A. soccata in a diverse array of sorghum genotypes in relation to composition of leaf surface chemicals during the seedling stage. The sorghum genotypes IS 1054, IS 1057, IS 2146, IS 4664, IS 2312, IS 2205, SFCR 125, SFCR 151, ICSV 700, and IS 18551 exhibited antixenosis for oviposition, and suffered less deadhearts due to sorghum shoot fly, A. soccata. Compounds undecane 5- methyl, decane 4- methyl, hexane 2, 4- methyl, pentadecane 8- hexyl, and dodecane 2, 6, 11- trimethyl, present on the leaf surface of sorghum seedlings, were associated with susceptibility to shoot fly; while 4, 4- dimethyl cyclooctene was associated with resistance to shoot fly. The compounds associated with resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, can be used as marker traits to select for resistance as well as for diversifying and increasing the levels of resistance to this pest. The role of biochemical compounds for developing sorghum varieties with resistance to shoot fly, A. soccata has been discussed

Purification of Larvicidal Protein from Bacillus Sphaericus 1593

Coat proteins from the spores of Bacillus sphaericus 1593 were separated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neutralising antibodies were raised against a single protein band exhibiting toxicity to mosquito larvae. IgG was purified and coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B to be used as an immunoaffinity matrix. The larvicidal protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using this immunoaffinity column. The single protein species resolved into four peptides of molecular weights 42.6, 44.1, 50.7 and 51.3 KDa on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. This protein contained 12% carbohydrates. The purified protein exhibited an LC50 value of 8.3$\pm$1.6 ng/ml when tested against early third instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens var quinquefasciatus

Purification of Larvicidal Protein from Bacillus Sphaericus 1593

Coat proteins from the spores of Bacillus sphaericus 1593 were separated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neutralising antibodies were raised against a single protein band exhibiting toxicity to mosquito larvae. IgG was purified and coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B to be used as an immunoaffinity matrix. The larvicidal protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using this immunoaffinity column. The single protein species resolved into four peptides of molecular weights 42.6, 44.1, 50.7 and 51.3 KDa on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. This protein contained 12% carbohydrates. The purified protein exhibited an LC50 value of 8.3$\pm$1.6 ng/ml when tested against early third instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens var quinquefasciatus

CELL VIABILITY ASSAY OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LATEX SOLVENT EXTRACTS ON DIFFERENT CELL LINES

Objective: Presented here in the study, the screening for antiproliferative activity of Ficus benghalensis dried latex solvent extracts on human breast MDA MB 231, colorectal HCT116, and neuroblastoma IMR 32 cell lines.Methods: The anticancer activity of ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts against the above-mentioned cancer cell lines as well in lymphocytes, by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and propidium iodide staining was used to observe the morphological changes occurred in the cell due to the affect of latex extract.Results: Among all the extracts, ethanol extract was found to be effective against IMR 32 and HCT 116 whereas ethyl acetate extract in case of MDA MB 231 cell line with 50% inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) 123.27±2.5 μg/ml, 99.82±9.06 μg/ml, and 75.66± 6.3, respectively.Conclusion: The extracts were found to be less toxic on peripheral blood lymphocytes. The IC50 value of the cytotoxic activity measured using MTT dye indicated that the extracts were efficient in inhibition of the cell proliferation of these cell lines

Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Amaranthus viridis L.:-A Review

Medicinal plants are important in the traditional medicine and as well as modern pharmaceutical drugs. In traditional system of medicine various plant parts like leaves, flowers, stems, fruits, seeds, barks and even whole plants are used for the treatment. Traditionally the leaves, seeds, roots and entire plant of Amaranthus viridis Linn is used in the treatment of many diseases. Its uses include diuretic, analgesic, antipyretic, vermifuge, antiulcer antidiabetic, anti-cholesterolemic, laxative, asthma and veneral diseases. This review encompasses the available literature on Amaranthus viridis with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, physicochemical parameters, synopsis of pharmacological activities and traditional uses. This attempt provides a direction towards further research

Compatibility Study of Lamivudine with Various Cellulose Polymers

Abstract: For the development of any formulation, techniques such as thermal and isothermal stress testing were used to assess the compatibility of drug with excepients. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR were the common methods for the study of compatibility. Isothermal stress testing (IST) is also a method for the compatibility study during proto type formulation. In the present study drug excepient compatibility study of lamivudine was conducted with different controlled release polymers. The drug and polymer mixtures were stored at 50 °C for 2 weeks. The samples were then characterized using DSC, FTIR and UV spectrophotometric methods. The results show that lamivudine was compatible with the all the polymers used in the study. The polymers used in the present study were definitely incorporated in the extended release lamivudine formulation

Pharmacokinetic analysis and structural optimization of inophyllamine-I to forecast as a possible drug candidate

Background: : A novel bioactive compound 2-ethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-N-(methoxy(methylperoxy)-3-acetate, methyl)-3, 4- bis(methylperoxy)naphthalen-1-amine, named inophyllamine-1(INM-I) was the isolate of Callophyllum inophyllum, and also a potent antioxidant.This compound significantly reduced the B(a)P-induced lung tumor volume, and its curative effect was confirmed by histology of lung tissue. Computational research was conducted for the first time to elucidate the structural and molecular dynamic behavior of INM-1 at the therapeutic targets of cancer. Methodologies: : This study aims to elucidate the 3D structure of inophyllamine-1 and geometry optimization at the Hartree-Fock level 3–21 G and B3LYP functional basis set to improve structures by DFT (Density function theory) calculations. For the pharmacokinetic properties of INM-1, an ADMET study was conducted using SWISS ADME and pkCSM online servers. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interactions of INM-1 with Bax, Bcl2, p53, and PlK-1 receptor active sites. A dynamic molecular study was conducted for the PlK-1, and INM-1 best dock posesto understand the dynamic behavior for 100 ns. Results: : The structural and pharmacokinetic properties of INM-1 exhibit bioavailability and drug-likeness characteristics and promote cytotoxicity. Themolecular docking results depict the INM-1 as a potential inhibitor against the therapeutic targets Bax, Bcl2, p53, and Polo-like-kinase-1(PlK-1) with minimum binding energies -6.0, -6.4, -6.1, and -7.3 kcal/mol. The INM-1 possesses a strong binding affinity towards the PlK-1 receptor and exhibits a stable complex for 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation time. Conclusions: : The computational studies by molecular docking elucidated the interactions between INM-1 and the catalytic residues of PlK-1, as well as the other cancer therapeutic targets, Bax, Bcl2, and p53 active sites. The outcomes of molecular dynamic simulations strongly imply that INM-1 may play a significant role in suppressing cancers. This study concludes that the Callophyllum inophyllum-derived INM-1 has the potential to be an effective drug candidate