Different methods of bacterial inoculation on the yield of chamomile blossoms and essential oil

Chamomile is one of the most wide spread medicinal plant cultivated in Egypt. This work aimed at enhancement of blossoms and oil production of chamomile plants via biofertilization with PGPRs under organic farming system. In this study, 6 bacterial strains were applied using two different inoculation techniques. The first application method was throughout soaking the roots of seedlings in the bacterial suspension before transplanting. The second technique was by adding the bacterial inocula to soil 2 weeks after transplantation. The results showed that root dipping method displayed high impact on the yield of chamomile blossoms and essential oil percentage. Furthermore, the soil application of the bacterial inocula didn’t show any significant impact in this respect. Where Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia plymuthica and Streptomyces subrutilus increased the dry weight of chamomile blossoms compared to the control, essential oil content increased significantly in case of Serratia plymuthica, Stenotrophomonas rhizophyla and Bacillus subtilis. The current results also indicated that bacterial strains produced the highest indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid resulted in the highest yield of both flowers and essential oil

EPIDEMIC OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER IN SUDAN, GEZIRA, 2007; GEZIRA EXPERIENCE

In the last 3 months of 2007, an acute episode of an ill-defined severe febrile illness presented to Medani hospital isolation words, with severe hemorrhagic manifestations. This initially did not harbor any attention as other possibilities were thought of like severe malaria , septicaemia but by the end of the same week the number of patients increased dramatically and the suspicion was put and the whole case was addressed officially in an epidemical paradigm. This study was conducted in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital. From the beginning of 41st week of the year 2007, the Gezira state in Sudan was tremendously affected by an epidemic of Rift valley fever as declared by the WHO authorities (11).all the districts of the estate were involved with a total number of patients was around 392. During the period of epidemic of RVF, (week 41.2007 - up to the 1st week of January 2008) total number of patients admitted were about 392 and total number of patients died were 158 patients .The main presenting symptoms were fever, epistaxsis, haematemesis and vaginal bleeding, and the main complication was acute renal failure and death

Assessment of diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer cases at two cancer centers in E gypt and T unisia

The diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer ( IBC ) is largely clinical and therefore inherently somewhat subjective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of IBC at two centers in N orth A frica where a higher proportion of breast cancer is diagnosed as IBC than in the U nited S tates ( U . S .). Physicians prospectively enrolled suspected IBC cases at the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) –  C airo, E gypt, and the I nstitut S alah A zaiz ( ISA ), T unisia, recorded extent and duration of signs/symptoms of IBC on standardized forms, and took digital photographs of the breast. After second‐level review at study hospitals, photographs and clinical information for confirmed IBC cases were reviewed by two U . S . oncologists. We calculated percent agreement between study hospital and U . S . oncologist diagnoses. Among cases confirmed by at least one U . S . oncologist, we calculated median extent and duration of signs and S pearman correlations. At least one U . S . oncologist confirmed the IBC diagnosis for 69% (39/50) of cases with photographs at the NCI ‐ C airo and 88% (21/24) of cases at the ISA . All confirmed cases had at least one sign of IBC (erythema, edema, peau d'orange) that covered at least one‐third of the breast. The median duration of signs ranged from 1 to 3 months; extent and duration of signs were not statistically significantly correlated. From the above‐mentioned outcomes, it can be concluded that the diagnosis of a substantial proportion of IBC cases is unambiguous, but a subset is difficult to distinguish from other types of locally advanced breast cancer. Among confirmed cases, the extent of signs was not related to delay in diagnosis. The diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer ( IBC ) is largely clinical and therefore inherently somewhat subjective. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the diagnosis of IBC at two centers in N orth A frica, where a higher proportion of breast cancer is diagnosed as IBC than in the U nited S tates ( U.S. ). The diagnosis of a substantial proportion of IBC cases at the study centers was unambiguous, but a subset was difficult to distinguish from other types of locally advanced breast cancer.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97479/1/cam448.pd