Efficiency of Fenbendazole on the Basis of Nanosized Supramolecular Delivery Systems with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone and Dioctylsulphosuccinate Sodium in the Cases of Helminthosis

The purpose of the research is to study the efficiency of fenbendazole on the basis of nanosized supramolecular delivery systems with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dioctylsulphosuccinate sodium in the cases of helminthosis in animals.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on 120 mice experimentally infected by Trichinella spiralis, Hymenolepis nana and on sheep experimentally infected by gastro-intestinal eelworms (120 animals) and by moniezias (60 animals). In each case of helminthosis animals from different groups (10 animals in each) were given fenbendazole supramolecular complex with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dioctylsulphosuccinate sodium orally at the single dose of 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0 mg/kg on AS compared to background drug fenbendazole at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Group of animals, which did not receive a drug was a control. Drug efficiency calculated according to the results of mice enterotomy and data of coproovoscopic studies of sheep by flotation technique before and in 15 days after drug administration.Results and discussion. Fenbendazole supramolecular complex with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dioctylsulphosuccinate sodium at the doses of 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0 on AS showed 100, 100 and 87.7 % of efficiency against T. spiralis, 100, 100, 91.14% against H. nana, 100, 97.7 and 94.0% against gastro-intestinal eelworms and 100, 92.44 and 44.26% against Moniezia expansa, respectively while efficiency of background drug – fenbendazole substance was 23.0–26.3%

Эффективность фенбендазола на основе наноразмерной супрамолекулярной системы доставки с поливинилпирролидоном и диоктилсульфосукцинатом натрия при гельминтозах

The purpose of the research is to study the efficiency of fenbendazole on the basis of nanosized supramolecular delivery systems with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dioctylsulphosuccinate sodium in the cases of helminthosis in animals.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on 120 mice experimentally infected by Trichinella spiralis, Hymenolepis nana and on sheep experimentally infected by gastro-intestinal eelworms (120 animals) and by moniezias (60 animals). In each case of helminthosis animals from different groups (10 animals in each) were given fenbendazole supramolecular complex with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dioctylsulphosuccinate sodium orally at the single dose of 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0 mg/kg on AS compared to background drug fenbendazole at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Group of animals, which did not receive a drug was a control. Drug efficiency calculated according to the results of mice enterotomy and data of coproovoscopic studies of sheep by flotation technique before and in 15 days after drug administration.Results and discussion. Fenbendazole supramolecular complex with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and dioctylsulphosuccinate sodium at the doses of 3.0, 2.0 and 1.0 on AS showed 100, 100 and 87.7 % of efficiency against T. spiralis, 100, 100, 91.14% against H. nana, 100, 97.7 and 94.0% against gastro-intestinal eelworms and 100, 92.44 and 44.26% against Moniezia expansa, respectively while efficiency of background drug – fenbendazole substance was 23.0–26.3%.Цель исследований: изучение эффективности фенбендазола на основе наноразмерной супрамолекулярной системы доставки с поливинилпирролидоном и диоктилсульфосукцинатом натрия при гельминтозах животных.Материалы и методы. Опыты проводили на 120 мышах, экспериментально зараженных Trichinella spiralis, Hymenolepis nana и овцах, спонтанно зараженных желудочно-кишечными нематодами (120 гол.) и мониезиями (60 гол.). При каждом гельминтозе животным разных групп по 10 гол. в каждой задавали однократно перорально супрамолекулярный комплекс фенбендазола (СМКФ) с поливинилпирролидоном (ПВП) и диоктилсульфосукцинатом натрия (ДССН) в дозах 3,0; 2,0 и 1,0 мг/кг по ДВ в сравнении с базовым препаратом фенбендазолом в дозе 2,0 мг/кг. Контролем служила группа животных, не получавшая препарат. Эффективность препаратов учитывали по результатам вскрытий кишечника мышей и данным копроовоскопических исследований овец методом флотации до и через 15 сут после введения препаратов.Результаты и обсуждение. СМКФ с ПВП и ДССН в дозах 3,0; 2,0 и 1,0 мг/кг по ДВ показал соответственно 100, 100 и 87,7%-ную эффективность против T. spiralis, 100, 100 и 91,14%-ную – против H. nana, 100; 97,7 и 94,0%-ную – против желудочно-кишечных стронгилят и 100; 92,44 и 44,26%-ную – против Moniezia expansa при 23,0–26,3%-ной эффективности базового препарата – субстанции фенбендазола

Эффективность супрамолекулярного комплекса фенбендазола против нематод при комиссионном производственном испытании

The purpose of the research is determining the efficacy of the supramolecular complex of fenbendazole (SMCF) based on the nano-sized supramolecular delivery system with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) against nematodes in sheep in a commission and production test. Materials and methods. A commission test was carried out at Izmailov LLC in the Krasnoarmeysky District of the Samara Region in August 2019. The SMCF at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg by the active substance was given to sheep (30 animals) of different age. The substance of fenbendazole was used as the major drug at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg in 20 sheep. A group of 20 sheep who were not given the drug was a control group. The drug efficacy was recorded by the flotation method according to results of the coproovoscopic studies of sheep before and 16 days after the drugs were administered. The drug efficacy was calculated by a “control test”. The production test of the SMCF in gastrointestinal strongylatosis of sheep was carried out on 120 wether hoggs at the same farm. The SMCF was prescribed to sheep once at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg by the AS in a mixture with 0.3 kg of oatmeal stock feed (per animal) given for the whole group. The efficacy of the SMCF was recorded according to the results of the coproovoscopic studies before and 15 days after deworming. Results and discussion. In the commission test of 70 sheep with combined infection, the SMCF with PVP at doses of 3.0 and 2.0 mg/kg by the AS showed 98.7% effectiveness against Nematodirus infection and 99.2% activity against other types of gastrointestinal Strongylata. In the production test, the SMCF at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg by the AS showed a 99.1 % effect against nematodirosis and 98.8% against other gastrointestinal strongylatoses. Цель исследований – определение антигельминтой активности супрамолекулярного комплекса фенбендазола (СМКФ) на основе наноразмерной супрамолекулярной системы доставки с поливинилпирролидоном (ПВП) против нематод у овец при комиссионном и производственном испытании.Материалы и методы. При комиссионном испытании в августе 2019 г. СМКФ в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по действующему веществу (ДВ) задавали овцам (30 гол.) разного возраста, спонтанно инвазированным стронгилятами пищеварительного тракта. Субстанцию фенбендазола, которую использовали в качестве базового препарата, вводили в дозе 5,0 мг/кг овцам (20 гол.). Контрольная группа препарат не получала (20 гол.). На основании результатов копроовоскопических исследований овец методом флотации до и через 15 сут после применения препаратов оценивали их антигельминтное действие, и расчет эффективности проводили по типу «контрольный тест». Производственное испытание СМКФ проводили в этом же хозяйстве на 120 валухах. СМКФ задавали овцам однократно в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ в смеси с 0,3 кг овсяной дерти (на голову) путем групповой дачи. Оценку эффективности проводили аналогично. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что при комиссионном испытании СМКФ показал 98,7%-ную эффективность против нематодирусов и 99,2%-ную активность против других видов желудочно-кишечных стронгилят в дозах 3,0 и 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ на 70 овцах. При производственном испытании СМКФ в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ был отмечен 99,1%ный эффект при нематодирозе и 98,8%-ный – при других желудочно-кишечных стронгилятозах.

Solid Loss of Carrots During Simulated Gastric Digestion

The knowledge of solid loss kinetics of foods during digestion is crucial for understanding the factors that constrain the release of nutrients from the food matrix and their fate of digestion. The objective of this study was to investigate the solid loss of carrots during simulated gastric digestion as affected by pH, temperature, viscosity of gastric fluids, mechanical force present in stomach, and cooking. Cylindrical carrot samples were tested by static soaking method and using a model stomach system. The weight retention, moisture, and loss of dry mass were determined. The results indicated that acid hydrolysis is critical for an efficient mass transfer and carrot digestion. Internal resistance rather than external resistance is dominant in the transfer of soluble solids from carrot to gastric fluid. Increase in viscosity of gastric fluid by adding 0.5% gum (w/w) significantly increased the external resistance and decreased mass transfer rate of carrots in static soaking. When mechanical force was not present, 61% of the solids in the raw carrot samples were released into gastric fluid after 4 h of static soaking in simulated gastric juice. Mechanical force significantly increased solid loss by causing surface erosion. Boiling increased the disintegration of carrot during digestion that may favor the loss of solids meanwhile reducing the amount of solids available for loss in gastric juice. Weibull function was successfully used to describe the solid loss of carrot during simulated digestion. The effective diffusion coefficients of solids were calculated using the Fick’s second law of diffusion for an infinite cylinder, which are between 0.75 × 10−11 and 8.72 × 10−11 m2/s, depending on the pH of the gastric fluid

Влияние механохимической технологии на антигельминтную эффективность супрамолекулярных комплексов фенбендазола с экстрактом солодки

The purpose of the research is studying the effect of mechanochemical technology on anthelmintic efficacy of supramolecular complexes of fenbendazole with licorice extract.Materials and methods. Tests of the supramolecular complexes of fenbendazole (SMCF) with licorice extract (LE) were carried out on 127 heads of young sheep spontaneously infected by Nematodirus sp. and other types of gastrointestinal strongylates. For each helminthosis, animals of different groups of 8–11 animals each were given single oral administration of SMCF with LE in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg in AD in the form of 10 and 17 % powders and 2.4 and 4.5% suspensions in comparison with the basic drug – fenbendazole (FBZ) in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. SMCF with LE was developed according to mechanochemical technology for 2 hours. The baseline was a group of sheep that did not receive the drug. The anthelmintic efficacy of the preparations was taken into account according to the results of coproovoscopic studies of sheep by flotation before and 16 days after the preparations were used. Accounting for the effectiveness of drugs was carried out according to the "control test" type.Results and discussion. SMСF with LE in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg by AD in the form of 10 and 17% powders and 2.4 and 4.5% suspensions showed respectively 89.2; 83.12; 82.09 and 83.59% effectiveness against Nematodirus spp. and 88.73; 67.3; 83.87 and 86.38% activity against other types of Strongylata when receiving 22.7 and 21.9% effect of the base drug – FBZ.Цель исследований: изучение влияния механохимической технологии на антигельминтную эффективность супрамолекулярных комплексов фенбендазола с экстрактом солодки.Материалы и методы. Испытания супрамолекулярных комплексов фенбендазола (СМКФ) с экстрактом солодки (ЭС) проводили на 127 головах молодняка овец, спонтанно инвазированных нематодирусами и другими видами желудочно-кишечных стронгилят. При каждом гельминтозе животным разных групп по 8-11 голов в каждой задавали однократно перорально СМКФ с ЭС в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ в форме 10 и 17%-ных порошков и 2,4 и 4,5%-ных суспензий в сравнении с базовым препаратом – фенбендазолом (ФБЗ) в дозе 2,0 мг/кг. СМКФ с ЭС наработан по механохимической технологии в течение 2 ч. Контролем служила группа овец, не получавшая препарат. Антигельминтную эффективность препаратов учитывали по результатам копроовоскопических исследований овец методом флотации до и через 16 сут после применения препаратов. Учет эффективности препаратов проводили по типу «контрольный тест».Результаты и обсуждение. СМКФ с ЭС в дозе 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ в форме 10 и 17%-ных порошков и 2,4 и 4,5%-ных суспензий показал соответственно 89,2; 83,12; 82,09 и 83,59%-ную эффективность против Nematodirus spp. и 88,73; 67,3; 83,87 и 86,38%-ную активность против других видов Strongylata при получении 22,7 и 21,9%-ного эффекта базового препарата – ФБЗ

Эффективность твердой дисперсии фенбендазола при желудочно-кишечных стронгилятозах молодняка крупного рогатого скота

The purpose of the research is to study the efficacy of solid dispersion of fenbendazole (SDF) against nematodoses of young cattle.Materials and methods. The study of SDF, obtained by mechanochemical processing of fenbendazole substance with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer, was carried out on 126 young cattle naturally infected with nematodiroses and other gastrointestinal strongylatoses. The animals were divided into 6 experimental groups of 10–11 animals each and SDF was administered once orally at doses of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of active substance (a.s.) (I-III groups) in comparison with the mechanical mixture of fenbendazole (FBZ) and PVP in a ratio of 1:9 (IV group) and substance FBZ at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg (group V) against each helminthosis. The control group of animals did not receive the drugs. Anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated in the "control test" based on the data of ovoscopic examination of feces of young cattle by flotation method before and 17 days after drugs administration.Results and discussion. SDF with PVP at a dose of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of a.s. in the form of a 10% powder showed respectively 88.4; 97.3 and 100% efficiency at nematodiroses and 89.2; 98.4 and 99.5 % activity against other types of gastrointestinal strongylates upon obtaining 32.3 and 32.4 % effect of the mechanical mixture of FBZ with PVP and 29.7 and 27.4% efficiency of the base preparation at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg. SDF showed 88.4; 97.3 and 100% of efficacy at doses of 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of a.s., respectively, against nematodiroses and 89.2; 98.4 and 99.5% against other gastrointestinal strongylatoses in the form of 10% powder. It should be noted that mechanical mixture of PBZ with PVP showed 32.3 and 32.4% efficacy and the efficacy of the basic drug was 29.7 and 27.4% at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg against each helminthosis.Цель исследований: изучение антигельминтного действия твердой дисперсии фенбендазола (ТДФ) при основных нематодозах молодняка крупного рогатого скота.Материалы и методы. Испытание ТДФ, полученной методом механохимической обработки субстанции фенбендазола с полимером поливинилпирролидоном (ПВП), проводили в опыте на 126 головах молодняка крупного рогатого скота, спонтанно инвазированных нематодирусами и другими видами желудочно-кишечных стронгилят. Животных разделили на 6 опытных групп по 10–11 голов в каждой и вводили однократно внутрь ТДФ в дозах 2,0; 3,0 и 4,0 мг/кг по действующему веществу (ДВ) (I–III группы) в сравнении с механической смесью фенбендазола (ФБЗ) и ПВП в соотношении 1:9 (IV группа) и субстанцией ФБЗ в дозе 3,0 мг/кг (V группа) при каждом гельминтозе. Контрольной группе животных препарат не вводили. Антигельминтную эффективность исследуемых препаратов оценивали в опыте «контрольный тест» на основании данных овоскопических исследований фекалий молодняка крупного рогатого скота методом флотации до и через 17 сут после введения препаратов.Результаты и обсуждение. ТДФ в форме 10%-ного порошка проявила эффективность, равную 88,4; 97,3 и 100% в дозах 2,0; 3,0 и 4,0 мг/кг по ДВ соответственно при нематодирозе и 89,2; 98,4 и 99,5% в отношении других видов желудочно-кишечных стронгилят. При этом стоит отметить 32,3 и 32,4%-ный эффект механической смеси ФБЗ с ПВП и 29,7 и 27,4%-ную эффективность базового препарата в дозе 3,0 мг/кг

Directional Sensitivity of the NEWSdm Experiment to Cosmic Ray Boosted Dark Matter

We present a study of a directional search for Dark Matter boosted forward when scattered by cosmic-ray nuclei, using a module of the NEWSdm experiment. The boosted Dark Matter flux at the edge of the Earth's atmosphere is expected to be pointing to the Galactic Center, with a flux 15 to 20 times larger than in the transverse direction. The module of the NEWSdm experiment consists of a 10 kg stack of Nano Imaging Trackers, i.e.~newly developed nuclear emulsions with AgBr crystal sizes down to a few tens of nanometers. The module is installed on an equatorial telescope. The relatively long recoil tracks induced by boosted Dark Matter, combined with the nanometric granularity of the emulsion, result in an extremely low background. This makes an installation at the INFN Gran Sasso laboratory, both on the surface and underground, viable. A comparison between the two locations is made. The angular distribution of nuclear recoils induced by boosted Dark Matter in the emulsion films at the surface laboratory is expected to show an excess with a factor of 3.5 in the direction of the Galactic Center. This excess allows for a Dark Matter search with directional sensitivity. The surface laboratory configuration prevents the deterioration of the signal in the rock overburden and it emerges as the most powerful approach for a directional observation of boosted Dark Matter with high sensitivity. We show that, with this approach, a 10 kg module of the NEWSdm experiment exposed for one year at the Gran Sasso surface laboratory can probe Dark Matter masses between 1 keV/c$^2$ and 1 GeV/c$^2$ and cross-section values down to $10^{-30}$~cm$^2$ with a directional sensitive search.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, updated references, clarified discussion in intro section. Submitted to JCA

Observation of Collider Muon Neutrinos with the SND@LHC Experiment

We report the direct observation of muon neutrino interactions with the SND@LHC detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A dataset of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13.6 TeV collected by SND@LHC in 2022 is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.8 fb − 1 . The search is based on information from the active electronic components of the SND@LHC detector, which covers the pseudorapidity region of 7.2 < η < 8.4 , inaccessible to the other experiments at the collider. Muon neutrino candidates are identified through their charged-current interaction topology, with a track propagating through the entire length of the muon detector. After selection cuts, 8 ν μ interaction candidate events remain with an estimated background of 0.086 events, yielding a significance of about 7 standard deviations for the observed ν μ signal

The SHiP experiment at the proposed CERN SPS Beam Dump Facility

The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) Collaboration has proposed a general-purpose experimental facility operating in beam-dump mode at the CERN SPS accelerator to search for light, feebly interacting particles. In the baseline configuration, the SHiP experiment incorporates two complementary detectors. The upstream detector is designed for recoil signatures of light dark matter (LDM) scattering and for neutrino physics, in particular with tau neutrinos. It consists of a spectrometer magnet housing a layered detector system with high-density LDM/neutrino target plates, emulsion-film technology and electronic high-precision tracking. The total detector target mass amounts to about eight tonnes. The downstream detector system aims at measuring visible decays of feebly interacting particles to both fully reconstructed final states and to partially reconstructed final states with neutrinos, in a nearly background-free environment. The detector consists of a 50 m long decay volume under vacuum followed by a spectrometer and particle identification system with a rectangular acceptance of 5 m in width and 10 m in height. Using the high-intensity beam of 400 GeV protons, the experiment aims at profiting from the 4 x 10(19) protons per year that are currently unexploited at the SPS, over a period of 5-10 years. This allows probing dark photons, dark scalars and pseudo-scalars, and heavy neutral leptons with GeV-scale masses in the direct searches at sensitivities that largely exceed those of existing and projected experiments. The sensitivity to light dark matter through scattering reaches well below the dark matter relic density limits in the range from a few MeV/c(2) up to 100 MeV-scale masses, and it will be possible to study tau neutrino interactions with unprecedented statistics. This paper describes the SHiP experiment baseline setup and the detector systems, together with performance results from prototypes in test beams, as it was prepared for the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics. The expected detector performance from simulation is summarised at the end