Effect of Dietary Fats on Oxidative-Antioxidative Status of Blood in Rats

This study was performed to examine the effect of different fat sources, lard, sunflower oil (SO), and fish oil (FO) in high-fat and low-fat diet on reactive oxygen species generation by blood phagocytes, glutathione redox status in erythrocytes, and total plasma antioxidant ability in rats. Whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) did not differ between three low-fat fed groups. However, baseline and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated CL in blood of high-lard fed rats were lower than in low-lard and high-SO fed animals. Phagocyte-stimulated oxidative burst was higher in rats fed high-SO diet than in those fed low-SO and high-FO diets. The highest level of oxidize glutathione (GSSH), the lowest reduce glutathione (GSH)/GSSG ratio in erythrocytes, and the highest plasma activity to reduce ferric ions were observed in rats fed both diets contaning linoleic acid-rich sunflower oil compared to animals fed the corresponding energy from other fats. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of plasma was lower in high-lard and high-FO fed rats compared to the corresponding low-fat diets, and the lowest in low-FO fed rats among low-fat fed animals. We presume from our results that linoleic acid may have dual effect, prooxidative in blood cells but maintaining total antioxidant plasma ability

Post‐traumatic stress disorder and birthweight: methodological challenges

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89463/1/j.1471-0528.2011.03200.x.pd

Shear-induced quench of long-range correlations in a liquid mixture

A static correlation function of concentration fluctuations in a (dilute) binary liquid mixture subjected to both a concentration gradient and uniform shear flow is investigated within the framework of fluctuating hydrodynamics. It is shown that a well-known $|\nabla c|^2/k^4$ long-range correlation at large wave numbers $k$ crosses over to a weaker divergent one for wave numbers satisfying $k<(\dot{\gamma}/D)^{1/2}$, while an asymptotic shear-controlled power-law dependence is confirmed at much smaller wave numbers given by $k\ll (\dot{\gamma}/\nu)^{1/2}$, where $c$, $\dot{\gamma}$, $D$ and $\nu$ are the mass concentration, the rate of the shear, the mass diffusivity and the kinematic viscosity of the mixture, respectively. The result will provide for the first time the possibility to observe the shear-induced suppression of a long-range correlation experimentally by using, for example, a low-angle light scattering technique.Comment: 8pages, 2figure

Hydrodynamic fluctuations in the Kolmogorov flow: Linear regime

The Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics is used to study the statistical properties of the linearized Kolmogorov flow. The relative simplicity of this flow allows a detailed analysis of the fluctuation spectrum from near equilibrium regime up to the vicinity of the first convective instability threshold. It is shown that in the long time limit the flow behaves as an incompressible fluid, regardless of the value of the Reynolds number. This is not the case for the short time behavior where the incompressibility assumption leads in general to a wrong form of the static correlation functions, except near the instability threshold. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations of the full nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamic equations.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

Stability of scaling regimes in d≥2d\geq 2 developed turbulence with weak anisotropy

The fully developed turbulence with weak anisotropy is investigated by means of renormalization group approach (RG) and double expansion regularization for dimensions $d\ge 2$. Some modification of the standard minimal substraction scheme has been used to analyze stability of the Kolmogorov scaling regime which is governed by the renormalization group fixed point. This fixed point is unstable at $d=2$; thus, the infinitesimally weak anisotropy destroyes above scaling regime in two-dimensional space. The restoration of the stability of this fixed point, under transition from $d=2$ to $d=3,$ has been demonstrated at borderline dimension $2<d_c<3$. The results are in qualitative agreement with ones obtained recently in the framework of the usual analytical regularization scheme.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figure

Long-range correlations in non-equilibrium systems: Lattice gas automaton approach

In systems removed from equilibrium, intrinsic microscopic fluctuations become correlated over distances comparable to the characteristic macroscopic length over which the external constraint is exerted. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we construct a microscopic model with simple stochastic dynamics using lattice gas automaton rules that satisfy local detailed balance. Because of the simplicity of the automaton dynamics, analytical theory can be developed to describe the space and time evolution of the density fluctuations. The exact equations for the pair correlations are solved explicitly in the hydrodynamic limit. In this limit, we rigorously derive the results obtained phenomenologically by fluctuating hydrodynamics. In particular, the spatial algebraic decay of the equal-time fluctuation correlations predicted by this theory is found to be in excellent agreement with the results of our lattice gas automaton simulations for two different types of boundary conditions. Long-range correlations of the type described here appear generically in dynamical systems that exhibit large scale anisotropy and lack detailed balance.Comment: 23 pages, RevTeX; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Ethanol Impairs Estrogen Receptor Signaling Resulting in Accelerated Activation of Senescence Pathways, Whereas Estradiol Attenuates the Effects of Ethanol in Osteoblasts

Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Using bone from cycling female rats infused chronically with ethanol (EtOH) in vivo and osteoblastic cells in vitro, we found that EtOH significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) mRNA and ERα protein levels. Treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) in vivo and in vitro interfered with these effects of EtOH on bone and osteoblastic cells. ERα agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) and ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) attenuated EtOH-induced ERα and ERβ gene overexpression, respectively. Similar to the ER antagonist ICI 182780, EtOH blocked nuclear translocation of ERα-ECFP in the presence of E2 in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells. EtOH also downregulated ERE-luc reporter activity. On the other hand, EtOH by itself upregulated some common ERα- and ERβ-mediated genes apparently by an ER-independent pathway. EtOH also transactivated the luciferase activity of the p21 promoter region independent of additional exogenous ERα, activated p21 and p53, and stimulated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in rat stromal osteoblasts. E2 treatment attenuated these EtOH actions. We conclude that inhibitory cross-talk between EtOH and E2 in osteoblasts on ERs, p53/p21, and cell senescence provides a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying bone loss and the protective effects of estrogens in alcohol-exposed females

A model for the atomic-scale structure of a dense, nonequilibrium fluid: the homogeneous cooling state of granular fluids

It is shown that the equilibrium Generalized Mean Spherical Model of fluid structure may be extended to nonequilibrium states with equation of state information used in equilibrium replaced by an exact condition on the two-body distribution function. The model is applied to the homogeneous cooling state of granular fluids and upon comparison to molecular dynamics simulations is found to provide an accurate picture of the pair distribution function.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures Revision corrects formatting of the figure