Illegal immigrants in the Netherlands: a National Expert Report for Clandestino/Eliamep

Criminal Justice: Legitimacy, accountability, and effectivit

Arbeidsmigratie in vieren. Bulgaren en Roemenen vergeleken met Polen.

In januari 2007 traden Bulgarije en Roemenie toe tot de Europese Unie (EU). De toetreding van beide landen leidde tot een toename van het aantal Bulgaren en Roemenen in Nederland. Omdat velen van hen zich niet registreren in de GBA is het lastig om exacte cijfers te noemen. Van der Heijden et al. (2011) schatten het aantal Bulgaren dat in 2008 in Nederland verbleef op tussen de 39.000 en 51.000 en het aantal Roemenen op tussen de 40.000 en 51.000. Deze cijfers moeten wel met grote voorzichtigheid worden benaderd. Dat geldt ook voor de schatting van het aantal Polen dat tussen de 144.000 en 170.000 zou liggen. Niettemin geven deze cijfers een indicatie van een groeiende groep van arbeidsmigranten uit Midden- en Oost-Europa (MOE-landen) in de Nederlandse samenleving. In deze studie staan de Bulgaren en Roemenen centraal. Naar deze groep is tot nog toe amper onderzoek gedaan. Om hun positie beter te begrijpen is een systematische vergelijking gemaakt met Poolse arbeidsmigranten. De Polen hebben sinds mei 2007 volledig toegang tot de Nederlandse arbeidsmarkt, terwijl de Bulgaren en Roemenen nog onderhevig zijn aan een overgangsregime. Zij hebben een tewerkstellingsvergunning nodig om op de reguliere arbeidsmarkt te kunnen werken. Deze studie schetst een beeld van de maatschappelijke positie van Bulgaren, Roemenen en Polen, evenals van patronen van arbeidsmigratie en –integratie. Het is gebaseerd op onderzoek in negen Nederlandse gemeenten, waaronder twee grote steden (Rotterdam en Den Haag), drie middelgrote steden (Dordrecht, Breda en Westland) en vier kleinere gemeenten (Moerdijk, Zundert, Oostland en Hillegom). In deze gemeenten zijn 164 Bulgaren, 112 Roemenen en 353 Polen geïnterviewd. Naast een kwantitatieve analyse en beschrijving van de kenmerken van de maatschappelijke positie van Bulgaren en Roemenen in vergelijking met Polen, wordt in het slothoofdstuk een meer kwalitatieve, interpretatieve analyse gemaakt van de bevindingen voor het beleid

Arbeidsmigranten uit Bulgarije, Polen, en Roemenie in Rotterdam: sociale leefsituatie, arbeidspositie en toekomstperspectief

Aims: To assess longer-term outcomes of a drop-in rolling-group model of behavioural support for smoking cessation and the factors that influence cessation outcomes. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Fag Ends NHS Stop Smoking Service in Liverpool and Knowsley, UK. Participants: A total of 2585 clients, aged 16 or over, setting a quit date. Measurements: Routine monitoring data were collected from Fag Ends service users and were supplemented by survey data on socio-economic circumstances, smoking-related behaviour and self-report and carbon monoxide (CO)-validated smoking status at 52-week follow-up. Findings: The CO-validated prolonged abstinence rate at 52 weeks for smokers attending the groups was 5.6%, compared with 30.7% at 4 weeks (a relapse rate of 78.2%). The sample was particularly disadvantaged: 68% resided in the most deprived decile of the English Index of Multiple Deprivation. Higher socio-economic status within the sample was a predictor of quitting. Other predictors of long-term cessation in multivariate analysis included older age, being female, lower levels of nicotine dependence, having a live-in partner, stronger determination to quit and use of varenicline versus other medication. Conclusions: A wholly state-reimbursed clinical stop-smoking service providing behavioural support and medication in a region of high economic and social disadvantage has reached a significant proportion of the smoking population. Long-term success rates are lower than are found typically in clinical trials, but higher than would be expected if the smokers were to try and quit unaided. Research is needed into how to improve on the success rates achieved

When Can Employees Have a Family Life? The Effects of Daily Workload and Affect on Work-Family Conflict and Social Behaviors at Home

This article presents a longitudinal examination of antecedents and outcomes of work-to-family conflict. A total of 106 employees participating in an experience-sampling study were asked to respond to daily surveys both at work and at home, and their spouses were interviewed daily via telephone for a period of 2 weeks. Intraindividual analyses revealed that employees ’ perceptions of workload predicted work-to-family conflict over time, even when controlling for the number of hours spent at work. Workload also influenced affect at work, which in turn influenced affect at home. Finally, perhaps the most interesting finding in this study was that employees ’ behaviors in the family domain (reported by spouses) were predicted by the employees ’ perceptions of work-to-family conflict and their positive affect at home

Making things happen : a model of proactive motivation

Being proactive is about making things happen, anticipating and preventing problems, and seizing opportunities. It involves self-initiated efforts to bring about change in the work environment and/or oneself to achieve a different future. The authors develop existing perspectives on this topic by identifying proactivity as a goal-driven process involving both the setting of a proactive goal (proactive goal generation) and striving to achieve that proactive goal (proactive goal striving). The authors identify a range of proactive goals that individuals can pursue in organizations. These vary on two dimensions: the future they aim to bring about (achieving a better personal fit within one’s work environment, improving the organization’s internal functioning, or enhancing the organization’s strategic fit with its environment) and whether the self or situation is being changed. The authors then identify “can do,” “reason to,” and “energized to” motivational states that prompt proactive goal generation and sustain goal striving. Can do motivation arises from perceptions of self-efficacy, control, and (low) cost. Reason to motivation relates to why someone is proactive, including reasons flowing from intrinsic, integrated, and identified motivation. Energized to motivation refers to activated positive affective states that prompt proactive goal processes. The authors suggest more distal antecedents, including individual differences (e.g., personality, values, knowledge and ability) as well as contextual variations in leadership, work design, and interpersonal climate, that influence the proactive motivational states and thereby boost or inhibit proactive goal processes. Finally, the authors summarize priorities for future researc

How Communication and Control Processes Improve Quality

In order to achieve excellence, an organization should use two key instruments—quality and an effi cient and effective communication process amongst all employees—so it can attain quality management. This chapter aims to examine whether organizational communication and quality are interrelated, in order to answer the following question: Is it necessary to improve communication within an organization so that quality management can be effi ciently and effectively pursued? For this purpose, data were collected through the administration of a questionnaire to the staff of a Portuguese public organization. The fi ndings showed that, in this organization, communication among employees of various sectors is satisfactory and that there is mutual help between them in order to improve the organizational performance

Black Holes as Effective Geometries

Gravitational entropy arises in string theory via coarse graining over an underlying space of microstates. In this review we would like to address the question of how the classical black hole geometry itself arises as an effective or approximate description of a pure state, in a closed string theory, which semiclassical observers are unable to distinguish from the "naive" geometry. In cases with enough supersymmetry it has been possible to explicitly construct these microstates in spacetime, and understand how coarse-graining of non-singular, horizon-free objects can lead to an effective description as an extremal black hole. We discuss how these results arise for examples in Type II string theory on AdS_5 x S^5 and on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 that preserve 16 and 8 supercharges respectively. For such a picture of black holes as effective geometries to extend to cases with finite horizon area the scale of quantum effects in gravity would have to extend well beyond the vicinity of the singularities in the effective theory. By studying examples in M-theory on AdS_3 x S^2 x CY that preserve 4 supersymmetries we show how this can happen.Comment: Review based on lectures of JdB at CERN RTN Winter School and of VB at PIMS Summer School. 68 pages. Added reference

The use of virtual reality as a potential restorative environment in school during recess

Peer reviewe

Prognostic Role of Androgen Receptor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Study

Background: Androgen Receptor (AR) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for AR-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, conflicting reports regarding AR’s prognostic role in TNBC are putting its usefulness in question. Some studies conclude that AR positivity indicates a good prognosis in TNBC whereas others suggest the opposite, and some show that AR status has no significant bearing on the patients’ prognosis. Methods: We evaluated the prognostic value of AR in resected primary tumors from TNBC patients from six international cohorts {US (n=420), UK (n=239), Norway (n=104), Ireland (n=222), Nigeria (n=180), and India (n=242); total n=1407}. All TNBC samples were stained with the same anti-AR antibody using the same immunohistochemistry protocol, and samples with ≥1% of AR-positive nuclei were deemed AR-positive TNBCs. Results: AR status shows population-specific patterns of association with patients’ overall survival after controlling for age, grade, population, and chemotherapy. We found AR-positive status to be a marker of good prognosis in US and Nigerian cohorts, a marker of poor prognosis in Norway, Ireland and Indian cohorts, and neutral in UK cohort. Conclusion: AR status, on its own, is not a reliable prognostic marker. More research to investigate molecular subtype composition among the different cohorts is warranted