Toward a New Approach to Evaluating Significance in Recent-Past Preservation Planning with a Case Study of 1960s Properties in Philadelphia County

In evaluating a stock of recent-past buildings, it is important to stay alert to the ways in which recent-past heritage is more difficult to assess, and what we might be prone to do to make it easier to assess. It is not enough to involve numerous people in the process and to articulate our method of analysis. We as preservation professionals must also consciously strive to avoid cognitive shortcuts. We must set evaluative standards and choose priorities, without simply dismissing a great portion of the built environment as “crap” or accepting self-evidence as a measure of significance. Complexity should not be a cause for despair. We must lead the public in a more self-reflexive view of built heritage, without getting stuck in never-ending philosophizing and debating. The field would benefit from a more systematic, methodical approach to championing pluralism in heritage and recognizing the polysemy in cultural objects, which nonetheless helps to uncover priorities of highest significance. In sum, prior to, and in addition to, preservation advocacy efforts to publicize and popularize buildings of the recent-past, preservation planning efforts must establish better methods for identifying resources and assessing their significance. In light of the issues and caveats just introduced, this study asks: what is an optimal inventory method for a municipal/county-level commission or nonprofit organization to identify priorities for preservation planning for the recent-past

Britain, her Middle East mandates and the emergence of Saudi-Arabia, 1926-1932: a study in the process of British policy-making and in the conduct and development of Britain's relations with Ibn Saud

The aim of this study is to analyse Britain's relations with Ibn Saud between 1926 when he conquered the Hejaz and 1932, when reconciliation between the Saudis and the Hashemites was achieved. From analysis of the policy making process it is hoped to establish the causes of Britain's involvement in Arabian. affairs and the part which Britain played in the creation of Saudi Arabia. My thesis is, divided into six chapters. Chapter I covers early attempts made by Britain and Ibn Saud towards the establishment of a close relationship, and examines the reasons which retarded these endeavours until 1925. Three main stages can be noted in Anglo-Saudi relations during the period under review: 1- January 1926 to May 1927. During this stage Ibn Saud was busily engaged in establishing his authority in the Hejaz seeking for this purpose support from Britain, from other Great Powers and throughout the Muslim World. Chapter 2 investigates the attitudes of the British Government and of the British Muslims, particularly the Indians, towards the Saudi conquest of the Hejaz. Chapter 3 analyses the making of the treaty of Jeddah (1927) throwing new light on British interests in Arabia and the means of protecting them. It also explores the British decision-making process. 2- June 1927 to-, December 1930. With Anglo-Saudi relations now established on an equal footing, fresh troubles, in November 1927, arose on the border areas with the Mandates and immediately threatened all the agreements reached. Chapter 4 analyses the ensuing crisis and the unresolved dilemma posed by the Ikhwan and the frontier posts question. Chapter 5 examines the hitherto unexplored area of contacts and deliberations-which led to Anglo-Saudi collaboration in suppressing the Ikhwan rebellion. 3- January 1930 to-December 1932. The opportunity was now more favourable for Britain to promote reconciliation between the Saudis and the Hashemites. Chapter 6 is entirely devoted to this successful achievement

Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 as a marker to differentiate septic from aseptic meningitis in children: comparison with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein

Background: Differentiating between septic and aseptic meningitis remains a challenge. Procalcitonin (PCT) was suggested by many researchers as a sensitive marker for early diagnosis of septic meningitis but with varying discriminative power. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), a neutrophil and monocyte receptor, is up-regulated during infection with potential role during sepsis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of soluble TREM-1 in comparison to PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) in early diagnosis of septic meningitis and its usefulness to distinguish between septic and aseptic meningitis in children. Study design: Fifty-one children aged 2 to 162 months identified as possible cases of meningitis were included in this case control study. Beside Gram staining, cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and latex agglutination test of CSF, CRP, serum PCT and soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) measurement was done on admission, and after 48-72 hours of treatment. Results: Septic meningitis was diagnosed in 16 (44%) of the studied cases. Although patients with septic meningitis had a significant increase in serum sTREM-1 and PCT levels at the time of admission (median, 25.2 ng/ml and 79.1ng/ml, respectively) in comparison with patients with aseptic meningitis (4.6 ng/ml and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively) and control group (4.1 ng/ml and 0.3 ng/ml, respectively) (p < 0.0001), sTREM-1 showed significantly higher sensitivity (93.7%) and specificity (94.3%) in the early prediction of sepsis with an area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve (95% CI) of 0.94 (0.84 - 0.99) at a cutoff value of 12.4 ng/ml. Moreover, sTREM-1 but not PCT or CRP concentration was significantly lower (P=0.007) at admission in patients with poor outcome than in those with good prognosis. Conclusions: Both serum PCT and sTREM-1 are valuable in early distinguishing septic from aseptic meningitis in children but with markedly higher diagnostic discriminatory power for sTREM-1. Moreover, sTREM-1 has a significant value in predicting the prognosis of cases with septic meningitis. Keywords: Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 – Procalcitonin- C-Reactive Protein - Septic meningitisEgypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;9(2):77-8

1861-07-15 M.S. Hagar of Richmond recommends Dr. Abial Libbey for position as Assistant Surgeon

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_4th_regiment_corr/1051/thumbnail.jp

1861-10-08 M.S. Hagar reports on Dr. Colby to Governor Washburn

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_1st_cav/1139/thumbnail.jp

PURIFICATION OF DUG WELL WATER FROM Escherichia coli BY USING CARBON OF RICE HUSK

Clean water is one of the human's main needs. Dug well water in Tombang, used for various needs. However, the dug well water has been polluted by E. Coli bacteria which is suspected to be due to the disposal of rubbish and waste carelessly and also the distance of latrines and dug wells that are very close together. Therefore it is important to do water purification using agricultural waste that is not utilized. The analysis showed that the purification of dug well water in Tombang with rice husk charcoal had reduced E. Coli bacteria by 55.6% with MPN pattern 1-0-3 so that the MPN value was 11/100 mL of sample

Numerical Investigation of Combustion in HCCI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel Blends

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is an advanced combustion technology being considered for internal combustion engines due to the potential for high fuel conversion efficiency and extremely low particulate matter (PM) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. In HCCI engines, there is no direct control method for auto ignition time. A common method to indirectly control the ignition timing in HCCI combustion engines is altering engine’s parameters which can affect the combustion. Previous research has indicated that fuel chemistry has a strong impact on HCCI combustion. This work introduces a new predictive multi-zone model for the description of combustion in HCCI engines. A multi zone model with reduced fuel chemistry was developed to simulate the combustion process in HCCI engines and predict engine performance. In this work, a parametric study on Diesel/Biodiesel blends(D80B20) HCCI combustion is conducted in order to identify the effect of equivalence ratio values (0.1786, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.4762) on combustion and engine performance parameters. Two kinds of parameters will be discussed. First, in-cylinder pressure, temperature and net heat release rate diagrams at altering Diesel/Biodiesel dose (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%), then the second category, the variation of start of combustion and combustion duration which are performance parameters of HCCI Diesel Engine

A Comparative Study on Developing the Hybrid-Electric Vehicle ‎Systems and its Future Expectation over the Conventional Engines Cars

The use of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as an alternative to traditional petroleum-powered cars has risen due to climate change, air pollution, and fuel depletion. The transportation sector is the second largest energy-consuming sector that accounts for 30% of the world’s total delivered energy and about 60% of world oil demand. In 2008, the transportation sector accounted for about 22% of total world CO2 emissions. Within this sector, road vehicles dominate oil consumption and represent 81% of total transportation energy demand. This review discusses opportunities to reduce energy consumed and greenhouse gases in this sector and briefly discusses the Hybrid electric vehicles as a solution to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. Also, the Classification of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, and the General architectures of hybrid electric vehicles and their subtypes have been discussed. Hybrid electric vehicle system components, system analysis, and fuel economy benefits are also explained. As the comparison results proved that the benefits of improved engine thermal efficiency outweigh the losses caused by longer energy transmission paths and showed that hybridization can improve fuel economy by about 24% in typical urban cycles. This study offers a thorough analysis of hybrid electric vehicles, including information on the designs, and energy management systems, created by different researchers. According to the thorough analysis, the current systems can execute HEVs rather effectively, but their dependability and autonomous systems remain not satisfactory. Several variables, difficulties, and issues related to the future generation of hybrid cars have been highlighted in this research