2,629 research outputs found
Dynamical invariants and nonadiabatic geometric phases in open quantum systems
We introduce an operational framework to analyze non-adiabatic Abelian and
non-Abelian, cyclic and non-cyclic, geometric phases in open quantum systems.
In order to remove the adiabaticity condition, we generalize the theory of
dynamical invariants to the context of open systems evolving under arbitrary
convolutionless master equations. Geometric phases are then defined through the
Jordan canonical form of the dynamical invariant associated with the
super-operator that governs the master equation. As a by-product, we provide a
sufficient condition for the robustness of the phase against a given decohering
process. We illustrate our results by considering a two-level system in a
Markovian interaction with the environment, where we show that the
non-adiabatic geometric phase acquired by the system can be constructed in such
a way that it is robust against both dephasing and spontaneous emission.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. v2: minor corrections and subsection IV.D added.
Published versio
Teleportation of a Zero-and One-photon Running Wave State by Projection Synthesis
We show how to teleport a running wave superposition of zero- and one-photon
field state through the projection synthesis technique. The fidelity of the
scheme is computed taking into account the noise introduced by dissipation and
the efficiency of the detectors. These error sources have been introduced
through a single general relationship between input and output operators.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur
An exact master equation for the system-reservoir dynamics under the strong coupling regime and non-Markovian dynamics
In this paper we present a method to derive an exact master equation for a
bosonic system coupled to a set of other bosonic systems, which plays the role
of the reservoir, under the strong coupling regime, i.e., without resorting to
either the rotating-wave or secular approximations. Working with phase-space
distribution functions, we verify that the dynamics are separated in the
evolution of its center, which follows classical mechanics, and its shape,
which becomes distorted. This is the generalization of a result by Glauber, who
stated that coherent states remain coherent under certain circumstances,
specifically when the rotating-wave approximation and a zero-temperature
reservoir are used. We show that the counter-rotating terms generate
fluctuations that distort the vacuum state, much the same as thermal
fluctuations.Finally, we discuss conditions for non-Markovian dynamics
Thirty Femtograms Detection of Iron in Mammalian Cells
Inorganic nanomaterials and particles with enhanced optical, mechanical or
magnetic attributes are currently being developed for a wide range of
applications. Safety issues have been formulated however concerning their
potential cyto- and genotoxicity. For in vivo and in vitro experimentations,
recent developments have heightened the need of simple and facile methods to
measure the amount of nanoparticles taken up by cells or tissues. In this work,
we present a rapid and highly sensitive method for quantifying the uptake of
iron oxide nanoparticles in mammalian cells. Our approach exploits the
digestion of incubated cells with concentrated hydrochloric acid reactant and a
colorimetric based UV-Visible absorption technique. The technique allows the
detection of iron in cells over 4 decades in masses, from 0.03 to 300 picograms
per cell. Applied on particles of different surface chemistry and sizes, the
protocol demonstrates that the coating is the key parameter in the
nanoparticle/cell interactions. The data are corroborated by scanning and
transmission electron microscopy and stress the importance of resiliently
adsorbed nanoparticles at the plasma membrane.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
Frequency up- and down-conversions in two-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics
In this letter we present a scheme for the implementation of frequency up-
and down-conversion operations in two-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics
(QED). This protocol for engineering bilinear two-mode interactions could
enlarge perspectives for quantum information manipulation and also be employed
for fundamental tests of quantum theory in cavity QED. As an application we
show how to generate a two-mode squeezed state in cavity QED (the original
entangled state of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen)
Bilinear and quadratic Hamiltonians in two-mode cavity quantum electrodynamics
In this work we show how to engineer bilinear and quadratic Hamiltonians in
cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) through the interaction of a single driven
two-level atom with cavity modes. The validity of the engineered Hamiltonians
is numerically analyzed even considering the effects of both dissipative
mechanisms, the cavity field and the atom. The present scheme can be used, in
both optical and microwave regimes, for quantum state preparation, the
implementation of quantum logical operations, and fundamental tests of quantum
theory.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
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