1,034 research outputs found
Monotonic properties of the shift and penetration factors
We study derivatives of the shift and penetration factors of collision theory
with respect to energy, angular momentum, and charge. Definitive results for
the signs of these derivatives are found for the repulsive Coulomb case. In
particular, we find that the derivative of the shift factor with respect to
energy is positive for the repulsive Coulomb case, a long anticipated but
heretofore unproven result. These results are closely connected to the
properties of the sum of squares of the regular and irregular Coulomb
functions; we also present investigations of this quantity.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur
Gauging N=2 Supersymmetric Non-Linear -Models in the Atiyah-Ward Space-Time
We build up a class of N=2 supersymmetric non-linear -models in an
N=1 superspace based on the Atiyah-Ward space-time of (2+2)-signature metric.
We also discuss the gauging of isometries of the associated hyper-K\"ahlerian
target spaces and present the resulting gauge-covariant supersymmetric action
functional.Comment: 12 pages, latex, no figure
Effective range function below threshold
We demonstrate that the kernel of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, associated
with interactions consisting of a sum of the Coulomb plus a short range nuclear
potential, below threshold becomes degenerate. Taking advantage of this fact,
we present a simple method of calculating the effective range function for
negative energies. This may be useful in practice since the effective range
expansion extrapolated to threshold allows to extract low-energy scattering
parameters: the Coulomb-modified scattering length and the effective range.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
A Note on Embedding of M-Theory Corrections into Eleven-Dimensional Superspace
By analyzing eleven-dimensional superspace fourth-rank superfield strength
F-Bianchi identities, we show that M-theory corrections to eleven-dimensional
supergravity can not be embedded into the mass dimension zero constraints, such
as the (\g^{a b})_{\a\b} X_{a b}{}^c or i (\g^{a_1... a_5})_{\a\b} X_{a_1...
a_5}{}^c -terms in the supertorsion constraint T_{\a\b}{}^c. The only possible
modification of superspace constraint at dimension zero is found to be the
scaling of F_{\a\b c d} like F_{\a\b c d} = (1/2) \big(\g_{c d}\big)_{\a\b}
e^\Phi for some real scalar superfield \Phi, which alone is further shown not
enough to embed general M-theory corrections. This conclusion is based on the
dimension zero F-Bianchi identity under the two assumptions: (i) There are no
negative dimensional constraints on the F-superfield strength: F_{\a\b\g\d} =
F_{\a\b\g d} =0; (ii) The supertorsion T-Bianchi identities and F-Bianchi
identities are not modified by Chern-Simons terms. Our result can serve as a
powerful tool for future exploration of M-theory corrections embedded into
eleven-dimensional superspace supergravity.Comment: 14 pages, latex, some minor typos corrected, as well as old section 5
deleted, due to the subtlety about Chern-Simons term in F-Bianchi identitie
Self-Dual N=8 Supergravity as Closed N=2(4) Strings
As open N=2 or 4 strings describe self-dual N=4 super Yang-Mills in 2+2
dimensions, the corresponding closed (heterotic) strings describe self-dual
ungauged (gauged) N=8 supergravity. These theories are conveniently formulated
in a chiral superspace with general supercoordinate and local OSp(8|2) gauge
invariances. The super-light-cone and covariant-component actions are analyzed.
Because only half the Lorentz group is gauged, the gravity field equation is
just the vanishing of the torsion.Comment: 17 pg., (uuencoded dvi file; revision: forgot 1 stupid term in the
last equation) ITP-SB-92-3
Vortex deformation and breaking in superconductors: A microscopic description
Vortex breaking has been traditionally studied for nonuniform critical
current densities, although it may also appear due to nonuniform pinning force
distributions. In this article we study the case of a
high-pinning/low-pinning/high-pinning layered structure. We have developed an
elastic model for describing the deformation of a vortex in these systems in
the presence of a uniform transport current density for any arbitrary
orientation of the transport current and the magnetic field. If is above a
certain critical value, , the vortex breaks and a finite effective
resistance appears. Our model can be applied to some experimental
configurations where vortex breaking naturally exists. This is the case for
YBaCuO (YBCO) low angle grain boundaries and films on vicinal
substrates, where the breaking is experienced by Abrikosov-Josephson vortices
(AJV) and Josephson string vortices (SV), respectively. With our model, we have
experimentally extracted some intrinsic parameters of the AJV and SV, such as
the line tension and compared it to existing predictions based on
the vortex structure.Comment: 11 figures in 13 files; minor changes after printing proof
The N=4 string is the same as the N=2 string
We redo the quantization of the N=4 string, taking into account the
reducibility of the constraints. The result is equivalent to the N=2 string,
with critical dimension D=4 and signature (++--). The N=4 formulation has
several advantages: the sigma-model field equations are implied classically,
rather than by quantum/beta-function calculations; self-duality/chirality is
one of the super-Virasoro constraints; SO(2,2) covariance is manifest. This
reveals that the theory includes fermions, and is apparently spacetime
supersymmetric.Comment: 7 pg (uuencoded dvi file; otherwise same as original
T-duality and closed string non-commutative (doubled) geometry
We provide some evidence that closed string coordinates will become
non-commutative turning on H-field flux background in closed string
compactifications. This is in analogy to open string non-commutativity on the
world volume of D-branes with B- and F-field background. The class of
3-dimensional backgrounds we are studying are twisted tori (fibrations of a
2-torus over a circle) and the their T-dual H-field, 3-form flux backgrounds
(T-folds). The spatial non-commutativity arises due to the non-trivial
monodromies of the toroidal Kahler resp. complex structure moduli fields, when
going around the closed string along the circle direction. In addition we study
closed string non-commutativity in the context of doubled geometry, where we
argue that in general a non-commutative closed string background is T-dual to a
commutative closed string background and vice versa. Finally, in analogy to
open string boundary conditions, we also argue that closed string momentum and
winding modes define in some sense D-branes in closed string doubled geometry.Comment: 31 pages, references added, extended version contains new sections
3.3., 3.4 and
D-branes in N=2 Strings
We study various aspects of D-branes in the two families of closed N=2
strings denoted by \alpha and \beta in hep-th/0211147. We consider two types of
N=2 boundary conditions, A-type and B-type. We analyse the D-branes geometry.
We compute open and closed string scattering amplitudes in the presence of the
D-branes and discuss the results. We find that, except the space filling
D-branes, the B-type D-branes decouple from the bulk. The A-type D-branes
exhibit inconsistency. We construct the D-branes effective worldvolume
theories. They are given by a dimensional reduction of self-dual Yang-Mills
theory in four dimensions. We construct the D-branes gravity backgrounds.
Finally, we discuss possible N=2 open/closed string dualities.Comment: 25 pages, Latex2
Families of N=2 Strings
In a given 4d spacetime bakcground, one can often construct not one but a
family of distinct N=2 string theories. This is due to the multiple ways N=2
superconformal algebra can be embedded in a given worldsheet theory. We
formulate the principle of obtaining different physical theories by gauging
different embeddings of the same symmetry algebra in the same ``pre-theory.''
We then apply it to N=2 strings and formulate the recipe for finding the
associated parameter spaces of gauging. Flat and curved target spaces of both
(4,0) and (2,2) signatures are considered. We broadly divide the gauging
choices into two classes, denoted by alpha and beta, and show them to be
related by T-duality. The distinction between them is formulated topologically
and hinges on some unique properties of 4d manifolds. We determine what their
parameter spaces of gauging are under certain simplicity ansatz for generic
flat spaces (R^4 and its toroidal compactifications) as well as some curved
spaces. We briefly discuss the spectra of D-branes for both alpha and beta
families.Comment: 66+1 pages, 2 tables, latex 2e, hyperref. ver2: typos corrected,
reference adde
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