Pollution and the State: The Role of the Structure of Government

Government spending has significant environmental implications. This paper analyzes the effect of the allocation of government spending between public goods broadly defined and private goods or non-social subsidies on air and water pollution. The theoretical model predicts that a reallocation of expenditures from private subsidies to public goods improves environmental quality by reducing production pollution. We estimate an empirical model that shows that such a reallocation causes a significant reduction in air pollutants namely sulfur dioxide and lead and an improvement in water quality measures including dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand.

Analysis of LhcSR3, a Protein Essential for Feedback De-Excitation in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

To prevent photodamage by excess light, plants use different proteins to sense pH changes and to dissipate excited energy states. In green microalgae, however, the LhcSR3 gene product is able to perform both pH sensing and energy quenching functions

Models and measurements of energy-dependent quenching

Energy-dependent quenching (qE) in photosystem II (PSII) is a pH-dependent response that enables plants to regulate light harvesting in response to rapid fluctuations in light intensity. In this review, we aim to provide a physical picture for understanding the interplay between the triggering of qE by a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane and subsequent changes in PSII. We discuss how these changes alter the energy transfer network of chlorophyll in the grana membrane and allow it to switch between an unquenched and quenched state. Within this conceptual framework, we describe the biochemical and spectroscopic measurements and models that have been used to understand the mechanism of qE in plants with a focus on measurements of samples that perform qE in response to light. In addition, we address the outstanding questions and challenges in the field. One of the current challenges in gaining a full understanding of qE is the difficulty in simultaneously measuring both the photophysical mechanism of quenching and the physiological state of the thylakoid membrane. We suggest that new experimental and modeling efforts that can monitor the many processes that occur on multiple timescales and length scales will be important for elucidating the quantitative details of the mechanism of qE

Pollution and the State: The Role of the Structure of Government

Government spending has significant environmental implications. This paper analyzes the effect of the allocation of government spending between public goods broadly defined and private goods or non-social subsidies on air and water pollution. The theoretical model predicts that a reallocation of expenditures from private subsidies to public goods improves environmental quality by reducing production pollution. We estimate an empirical model that shows that such a reallocation causes a significant reduction in air pollutants namely sulfur dioxide and lead and an improvement in water quality measures including dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand

PRIORITAS ALTERNATIF PENGEMBANGAN KONSEP OMOTENASHI DI KORIDOR JL. ZAINUL ARIFIN, KOTA MALANG

Koridor Jalan Zainul Arifin merupakan salah satu koridor yang menghubungkan Kawasan Alun-Alun sebagai pusat kota dengan Pasar Besar Kota Malang. Pasar Besar sebagai pusat perdagangan dan jasa, kuliner, pertokoan, dan wisata memiliki ciri khas dan daya Tarik tersendiri. Karakteristik tersebut mampu menarik aktivitas yang masif sehingga diperlukan pengendalian arus lalu lintas dan fasilitas penunjang aktifitas di koridor tersebut. Omotenashi memiliki makna keramahan, kehangatan, dan kekeluargaan. Keramahan yang dimaksud ialah ramah dalam hal desain jalan, jalur pejalan kaki dan layanan angkutan umum bagi para penggunanya, adapun kekeluargaan memiliki makna yang berlawanan dengan individualis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat keramahan dalam konsep omotenashi dan merumuskan prioritas alternatif pengembangan keramahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis aspek keramahan omotenashi, analisis parkir on-street berdasarkan aspek kekeluargaan, dan Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) berupa spiderweb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keramahan omotenashi pada Koridor Jalan Zainul Arifin memiliki nilai 10,64 yang masuk dalam klasifikasi ramah dan prioritas pengembangan berdasarkan hasil spiderweb meliputi pengembangan aspek geometri jalur pejalan kaki, geometri jalan, dan parkir on-street

PRIORITAS ALTERNATIF PENGEMBANGAN KONSEP OMOTENASHI DI KORIDOR JL. ZAINUL ARIFIN, KOTA MALANG

Koridor Jalan Zainul Arifin merupakan salah satu koridor yang menghubungkan Kawasan Alun-Alun sebagai pusat kota dengan Pasar Besar Kota Malang. Pasar Besar sebagai pusat perdagangan dan jasa, kuliner, pertokoan, dan wisata memiliki ciri khas dan daya Tarik tersendiri. Karakteristik tersebut mampu menarik aktivitas yang masif sehingga diperlukan pengendalian arus lalu lintas dan fasilitas penunjang aktifitas di koridor tersebut. Omotenashi memiliki makna keramahan, kehangatan, dan kekeluargaan. Keramahan yang dimaksud ialah ramah dalam hal desain jalan, jalur pejalan kaki dan layanan angkutan umum bagi para penggunanya, adapun kekeluargaan memiliki makna yang berlawanan dengan individualis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat keramahan dalam konsep omotenashi dan merumuskan prioritas alternatif pengembangan keramahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis aspek keramahan omotenashi, analisis parkir on-street berdasarkan aspek kekeluargaan, dan Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) berupa spiderweb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keramahan omotenashi pada Koridor Jalan Zainul Arifin memiliki nilai 10,64 yang masuk dalam klasifikasi ramah dan prioritas pengembangan berdasarkan hasil spiderweb meliputi pengembangan aspek geometri jalur pejalan kaki, geometri jalan, dan parkir on-street

Conduits to care: call lights and patients’ perceptions of communication

Mary Montie,1 Clayton Shuman,1 Jose Galinato,1 Lance Patak,2 Christine A Anderson,1 Marita G Titler1 1Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA Background: Call light systems remain the primary means of hospitalized patients to initiate communication with their health care providers. Although there is vast amounts of literature discussing patient communication with their health care providers, few studies have explored patients’ perceptions concerning call light use and communication. The specific aim of this study was to solicit patients’ perceptions regarding their call light use and communication with nursing staff. Methods: Patients invited to this study met the following inclusion criteria: proficient in English, been hospitalized for at least 24 hours, aged ≥21 years, and able to communicate verbally (eg, not intubated). Thirty participants provided written informed consent, were enrolled in the study, and completed interviews. Results: Using qualitative descriptive methods, five major themes emerged from patients’ perceptions (namely; establishing connectivity, participant safety concerns, no separation: health care and the call light device, issues with the current call light, and participants’ perceptions of “nurse work”). Multiple minor themes supported these major themes. Data analysis utilized the constant comparative methods of Glaser and Strauss. Discussion: Findings from this study extend the knowledge of patients’ understanding of not only why inconsistencies occur between the call light and their nurses, but also why the call light is more than merely a device to initiate communication; rather, it is a direct conduit to their health care and its delivery. Keywords: nurse–patient communication, medical technology, quality of care, qualitative research, patient safety, nurse wor