24 research outputs found
Multiphoton radiative recombination of electron assisted by laser field
In the presence of an intensive laser field the radiative recombination of
the continuum electron into an atomic bound state generally is accompanied by
absorption or emission of several laser quanta. The spectrum of emitted photons
represents an equidistant pattern with the spacing equal to the laser
frequency. The distribution of intensities in this spectrum is studied
employing the Keldysh-type approximation, i.e. neglecting interaction of the
impact electron with the atomic core in the initial continuum state. Within the
adiabatic approximation the scale of emitted photon frequencies is subdivided
into classically allowed and classically forbidden domains. The highest
intensities correspond to emission frequencies close to the edges of
classically allowed domain. The total cross section of electron recombination
summed over all emitted photon channels exhibits negligible dependence on the
laser field intensity.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures (Figs.2-5 have "a" and "b" parts), Phys.Rev.A
accepted for publication. Fig.2b is presented correctl
Suppression of the polarization bremsstrahlung from a fast charged particle in an amorphous medium
Role of certain hypothalamic structures in regulation of immunobiological processes during immunization with BCG vaccine
AUTOPHAGY REGULATION BY RUBELLA VIRUS
Aim. Some viruses can subvert host defense mechanism, autophagy, to their own benefit. We analysed the effect of Rubella virus (RV) infection on autophagy in human alveolar epithelial cells A549. Materials and methods. Cells were infected with the wild type and lab-attenuated strain, C-77w and C-77a, respectively, with a multiplicity of infection of 1.0, in parallel, the expression level of genes encoding Beclin1, Atg5, Rab7, and p62 (SQSTM1) proteins participating in different steps of autolysosome formation was measured. To investigate the role of autophagy on RV replication cycle, we measured the amount of infectious RV particles, together with the viral RNA in supernatants and cell lysates, after incubation of A549 cells with wild type or attenuated strain in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor, Bafilomycin A1, or inducer, Rapamycin. Results. The significant increase in Beclin1 and Atg5 gene expression at 24-48 (for the wild type) and 24-72 (for the attenuated type) hours after infection was observed, while significant induction of either Rab7 or SQSTM1 gene expression was not noticed. This effect was correlated with more delayed increase of IFNβ expression and IFNβ-mediated pro-apoptotic gene expression leading to apoptotic cell death 72-96 hours after infection. Moreover, Bafilomycin A1 diminished the RV infection non significantly, as evidenced by the RT-qPCR and plaque assay, while Rapamycin increased the amount of infectious RV particles released by the infected cells more dramatically with wild type comparing with attenuated strain. Conclusion. Thus, we hypothesized that RV can use an antiviral mechanism to prevent degradation and ensure its replication, differentially regulating the process of autophagy, by stimulating the initiation and suppression of later steps