Systemic Study of Aerosol Loading and Retention over Praia-Cape Verde: Satellite and Ground Observation Analysis

The situation in Praia may be critical at the moment because of its current aerosol loading and retention. In this study we obtained 14-year (2000-13) data set from satellite and ground observation from a multi-angle imaging spectro-radiometer (MISR) and an aerosol robotic network (AERONET). The analytic and statistical techniques were used to investigate the aerosol loading and retention over Praia-Cape Verde. The average annual aerosol retention over the study area increased by 18%. The highest aerosol retention rate of 39% was recorded in 2010. The aerosol loading was found to be higher between December to February. Since the ventilation over Praia is low, aerosol loading impact on the health and welfare of life forms may be threatened. The study also suggested other sectors of the economy that can be affected by the increased aerosol loading over Praia

CRYSTALLINE GRAIN SIZE EFFECTS ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF THE DOPED TIN DIOXIDE (SnO2) WITH ZINC (Zn)

Nigeria Spray pyrolysis technique was used for the fabrication of the sample. A series of SnO2 and Zn doped SnO2 (Zn. SnO2) have been deposited on the glass slide with different doping concentration values of 1 wt.% , 2 wt.% ,3 wt.% and 4 wt.% Zn on SnO2. The average grain size of the Zn doped SnO2, compare to the average grain size of SnO2 film is clearly increasing upon increase in doping concentration. However, grain boundary theories were obeyed except for the 4 wt.% Zn on SnO2 which showed a high level of doping incompatibility. At 1 wt.% Zn on SnO2 exhibited the characteristics of a homogenous and stable p-type semiconductor. At 3 wt.% Zn on SnO2, the direction change in the orientation of two adjacent grains was shown to localize at a site equidistant to the grains

The physics of the sheath effects in monopole plasma antenna or helix plasma antenna

The magnetic field in the sheath of monopole plasma antenna or the helix antennas has been found to have a negative impact on its general functionality. The vertical and horizontal signals at predetermined angles had been compromised by the sheath effect. It was observed that this phenomenon is almost unnoticed because magnetization has the highest magnitude when the device is switch on/off. In microscopic scale (monopole plasma antenna), the sheath effect is due to femto spin demagnetization of particulates. However, in macroscopic scale (helix antenna), the sheath effect is due to signal impairment

Resolving the Enhanced Flow Parameters for an In-depth Analysis of the MRI- Neuroimaging

The functionality of current neuroimaging using the MRI machine needs to be improved to diagnose more complex problems. A new mathematical concept based on the solutions of the Bloch NMR for MRI applications was adopted to resolve functionality problems- by the inclusion of molecular interactions. The signal loss factor 'E' caused by fluctuating velocity due to compartmental boundaries in the macromolecular sites was proposed to be the vital factor required for clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment

Dataset on the current state of air pollution in Bussau-Guinea Bussau: A diagnostic approach

Recent UN report shows that over 100,000 people die from air pollution. The general anthropoenic pollution from Sahara desert, fossil-fuel engines and bush-burning needs to be reduced to avoid natural accidents,regional climate change etc.A fifteen years dataset was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR).The dataset generated from the primary dataset would assist to understand the state of air pollution over Bussau. It also serves as a reference to guide the choice of ground measuring equipments in the area. The aerosol constant and tunning constant over Bussau is 0.6694and0.1354 respectively. The maximum percentage aerosol loading is given as 14.8%

A Conceptual Mathematical Examination of the Aerosols Loading over Abuja-Nigeria

One of the urban cities in Nigeria known for elevated levels of atmospheric aerosol pollution is Abuja, been the fastest growing city in Nigeria. Due to the health problems associated with this fact, a study of aerosol loading must be prioritized so as to identify the preventive measures required. This study aims at estimating the aerosol loading and retention over Abuja. Statistical AOD analysis for thirteen years was obtained from the Multi-angle imaging spectro radiometer (MISR). Statistical tools, as well as analytically derived model for aerosols loading were used to obtain the aerosols retention and loading over the area. Observations shows that, the highest AOD analysis was found in 2005, the highest skew and kurtosis can be found in 2010 and the highest Kolmogorov-Smirnov stat can be found in 2004. This results shows that the lower atmosphere of Abuja may not be dynamic as cities in the southern Nigeria and proposes an inclusion of the attenuation due to moving aerosols layer into the ITU model which is significant via the atmospheric constants over Abuja. The aerosols retention peak in Abuja occurs every ten years

How Reliable is the Cuprates System to Recent Technology?

The emergence of cuprates as a high Tc superconductor gave high hopes in the discovery of a room temperature superconductor. It is almost three decades and the highest critical temperature attained on the cuprates is about 135K. A brief overview was conducted on the progress made so far on the cuprates. A mathematical approach was used to design a formula which could determine the experimental results of critical temperature of versed cuprates superconductors. The result of our findings shows that the possibility of attaining the experimental room temperature cuprates superconductor seems very narrow. The study recommended an elaborate approach on the hybridization of cuprates for future research. Hence, there is possibility of having cuprates with wide engineering applicatio

Observation of the Total Electron Content for 14- GPS stations in Malaysia during the Annular Eclipse of 15th of January 2010

The paper examines the Ionospheric response to the annular eclipse of the sun on January 15, 2010 over eastern and western Malaysia using GPS data measurement from 14- ground station in Malaysia. The GPS sensing technique employs two different approaches to verify the TEC depletion occurrence at the 14-stations. The first approach measures the TEC depletion parameters at the 14 GPS stations during the solar event. The second approach compares the TEC value with the quiet day TEC variation at one of the station 3-days before and 3-days after the solar eclipse event. The GPS observation indicates occurrence of TEC depression at 6 stations where the behaviour varying from one station to another. On the basis of the first and second measurement techniques, the range of TEC depletions at the six stations were 9 to 20 %, while for the other 8-stations 0.4 to 12% respectively. The measurement shows that TEC depression at most GPS stations began on the neck of the first contact of the solar eclipse followed by deeper depressions. This effect was as a result of the hiding of the optical rays during the solar eclipse which causes direct reduction in photo ionization; destroy the previous photo-chemical equilibrium and result in the depletion in electron density

Impact of Tropospheric Scintillation Models on Earth-Space Path in Southwest, Nigeria

signals being attenuated by rain, cloud, gas and tropospheric scintillation. This paper present the impact of tropospheric scintillation on earth-space path in southwest, Nigeria at 12.245 GHz. Twenty-four months of scintillation data from ASTRA 2E/2F/2G on latitude 6.7° N and longitude 3.23° E for two years (2015-2016) were statistically analysed and compare with four existing models. The result reveals that under non-rainy atmosphere, ITU-R model gave the lowest percentage error of about 1.07%, followed closely by Karasawa model with 1.67%. The work also shows that ITU-R is the best fit model of tropospheric scintillation fade for the study area at 1% of time. A modified ITU- R scintillation fade model was also proposed for the tropical region of Ota and its environs