PRODUCTION AND PROFITABILITY RESPONSES TO ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCES AND LEVELS IN BROILER RATIONS

Profitability of using alternative protein sources in broiler feed is investigated through the development of a two-stage mathematical program that optimizes broiler production. A case study of peanut meal vs. soybean meal is examined. Value of marginal product concepts incorporated in this method permit analysis of demand adjustments before decisions on the production process occur. Given reported input and output prices, results indicate that soybean meal is generally more profitable than peanut meal. Peanut meal can be more profitable at higher dietary protein levels fed to broilers processed into whole carcass or at relatively higher prices for soybean meal.maximum profit, peanut meal, soybean meal, value of marginal product, Livestock Production/Industries, Q17,

PRODUCTION AND PROFITABILITY RESPONSES TO ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCES IN BROILER RATIONS

Profitability of using peanut meal as an alternative protein source in broiler production was investigated through the development of a two-stage mathematical program that optimizes broiler production. The concept of value of marginal product incorporated in this model allows demand adjustments before decisions on the production and processing take place.Livestock Production/Industries,

Coupling to haloform molecules in intercalated C60?

For field-effect-doped fullerenes it was reported that the superconducting transition temperature Tc is markedly larger for C60.2CHX_3 (X=Cl, Br) crystals, than for pure C60. Initially this was explained by the expansion of the volume per C60-molecule and the corresponding increase in the density of states at the Fermi level in the intercalated crystals. On closer examination it has, however, turned out to be unlikely that this is the mechanism behind the increase in Tc. An alternative explanation of the enhanced transition temperatures assumes that the conduction electrons not only couple to the vibrational modes of the C60-molecule, but also to the modes of the intercalated molecules. We investigate the possibility of such a coupling. We find that, assuming the ideal bulk structure of the intercalated crystal, both a coupling due to hybridization of the molecular levels, and a coupling via dipole moments should be very small. This suggests that the presence of the gate-oxide in the field-effect-devices strongly affects the structure of the fullerene crystal at the interface.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in PRB (rapid communication

Authoritarianism and American Students\u27 Attitudes about the Gulf War, 1990–1996

Studies with several different groups of students over the period from October 1990 to spring 1996 show a consistent set of relationships between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and aggressive support for U.S. policy during the Persian Gulf crisis and Gulf War Before the war, high-RWA scorers endorsed more aggressive responses (including the use of nuclear weapons) to hypothetical Iraqi actions. After the war, they expressed relatively more gloating and less regret and, in retrospect, endorsed more aggressive hypothetical U.S. policies. Overall, their opinions tended to be low in complexity, high in certainty, and brief

Authoritarianism and Attitudes Toward Contemporary Social Issues in the 1990s

Three studies were conducted to examine the relevance of authoritarianism to contemporary social attitudes, with special emphasis on AIDS, drug use, and the environment. In Studies 1 and 2, students scoring higher on authoritarianism (measured by Byrne\u27s balanced F scale and Altemeyer\u27s Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale, respectively) were more likely to endorse harsh, punitive sentiments and solutions to the problems of AIDS and drugs and less likely to endorse more egalitarian ones. These two issues are presumed to represent a threat to the American way of life and provide clear out-groups for authoritarian aggression. Regarding the environment, authoritarians express hostility toward the environmental movement, rather than toward polluters. In Study 3, authoritarianism was further related to attitudes on abortion, child abuse, homelessness, the space program, the trade deficit, political changes in the Soviet Union, and the purposes of colleges and universities. These results show that the concept of authoritarianism is applicable to attitudes on many important issues of the 1990s

Ambiguities in the Cross-Section Analysis of Per Share Financial Data

In analyzing corporate financial data it is standard procedure to adjust the data to reflect the current number of shares outstanding. In this study, we show that this simple ,standard procedure can cause serious difficulties in a financial analysis

Fabella prevalence rate increases over 150 years, and rates of other sesamoid bones remain constant: a systematic review

The fabella is a sesamoid bone located behind the lateral femoral condyle. It is common in non-human mammals, but the prevalence rates in humans vary from 3 to 87%. Here, we calculate the prevalence of the fabella in a Korean population and investigate possible temporal shifts in prevalence rate. A total of 52.83% of our individuals and 44.34% of our knees had fabellae detectable by computed tomography scanning. Men and women were equally likely to have a fabella, and bilateral cases (67.86%) were more common than unilateral ones (32.14%). Fabella presence was not correlated with height or age, although our sample did not include skeletally immature individuals. Our systematic review yielded 58 studies on fabella prevalence rate from 1875–2018 which met our inclusion criteria, one of which was an outlier. Intriguingly, a Bayesian mixed effects generalized linear model revealed a temporal shift in prevalence rates, with the median prevalence rate in 2000 (31.00%) being ~ 3.5 times higher than that in 1900 (7.64%). In all four countries with studies before and after 1960, higher rates were always found after 1960. Using data from two other systematic reviews, we found no increase in prevalence rates of 10 other sesamoid bones in the human body, indicating that the increase in fabella prevalence rate is unique. Fabella presence/absence is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors: as the prevalence rates of other sesamoid bones have not changed in the last 100 years, we postulate the increase in fabella prevalence rate is due to an environmental factor. Namely, the global increase in human height and weight (due to improved nutrition) may have increased human tibial length and muscle mass. Increases in tibial length could lead to a larger moment arm acting on the knee and on the tendons crossing it. Coupled with the increased force from a larger gastrocnemius, this could produce the mechanical stimuli necessary to initiate fabella formation and/or ossification.Key words: fabella; Korea; prevalence rate; sesamoid bone

Reconciling Semiclassical and Bohmian Mechanics: III. Scattering states for continuous potentials

In a previous paper [J. Chem. Phys. 121 4501 (2004)] a unique bipolar decomposition, Psi = Psi1 + Psi2 was presented for stationary bound states Psi of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation, such that the components Psi1 and Psi2 approach their semiclassical WKB analogs in the large action limit. The corresponding bipolar quantum trajectories, as defined in the usual Bohmian mechanical formulation, are classical-like and well-behaved, even when Psi has many nodes, or is wildly oscillatory. A modification for discontinuous potential stationary stattering states was presented in a second paper [J. Chem. Phys. 124 034115 (2006)], whose generalization for continuous potentials is given here. The result is an exact quantum scattering methodology using classical trajectories. For additional convenience in handling the tunneling case, a constant velocity trajectory version is also developed.Comment: 16 pages and 14 figure

Roles of ABCC1 and ABCC4 in Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cell Lines

ABCC1 and ABCC4 utilize energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport many different molecules, including drugs, out of the cell and, as such, have been implicated in causing drug resistance. However recently, because of their ability to transport signaling molecules and inflammatory mediators, it has been proposed that ABCC1 and ABCC4 may play a role in the hallmarks of cancer development and progression, independent of their drug efflux capabilities. Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women. In this study, the aim was to investigate whether ABCC1 or ABCC4 play a role in the proliferation or migration of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (luminal-type, receptor-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (basal-type, triple-negative). The effects of small molecule inhibitors or siRNA-mediated knockdown of ABCC1 or ABCCC4 were measured. Colony formation assays were used to assess the clonogenic capacity, MTT assays to measure the proliferation, and scratch assays and Transwell assays to monitor the cellular migration. The results showed a role for ABCC1 in cellular proliferation, whilst ABCC4 appeared to be more important for cellular migration. ELISA studies implicated cAMP and/or sphingosine-1-phosphate efflux in the mechanism by which these transporters mediate their effects. However, this needs to be investigated further, as it is key to understand the mechanisms before they can be considered as targets for treatment

Influence of the pseudogap on the superconductivity-induced phonon renormalization in high-Tc_c superconductors

We investigate the influence of a d-density wave (DDW) gap on the superconductivity-induced renormalization of phonon frequency and linewidth. The results are discussed with respect to Raman and inelastic neutron scattering experiments. It turns out that the DDW gap can enhance the range of frequencies for $q=0$ phonon softening depending on the underlying band structure. Moreover we show that an anisotropic 'd-wave' pseudogap can also contribute to the q-dependent linewidth broadening of the 340cm$^{-1}$ phonon in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$.Comment: 4 page