4 research outputs found
Π ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
It was established that quality pre-emergence cultivation of potato ridges depends on possibility of surface copying by working tools of a rotary harrow because of their vibrations. Rotary harrow design having damping devices and V-shaped spike tooth was suggested. Energy consumption evaluation depending on its speed, soil drag, operating modes and design parameters of working tools were researched. The optimal chain changing tension range was founded (100-120 H). Thus, the specific traction resistance of the newly developed harrow equaled 200-210 H/m, or 20 percent lower than that of a serial one. Data of field experiments characterizing influence of a harrow on quality of ridge cultivation and yield of potatoes were presented. It was showed that it is possible to create more favorable conditions for development and growth of potato due to use new harrow. As result potatoes yield increased by 1.2 -1.5 t/ha, or 4-6 percent. Fuel savings amounted to 12 percent.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ V-ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ (100-120 Π). ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 200-210 Π/ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 20 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ², Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π° 1,2-1,5 Ρ/Π³Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 4-6 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 12 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ
The authors substantiated the necessity for an epistemological approach to determining the main messages in the digitalization application by agricultural producers, taking into account natural and climatic, commodity-production and social factors.(Research purpose) To formulate the main messages when applying digital technologies in agricultural production, which determine epistemological approaches to their systematic use and allow increasing grain production by 2-3 times on the example of JSC Sokolovo.(Materials and methods) The authors applied a system analysis to agricultural production objects as to information field when describing them in the information space.(Results and discussion) The authors found that agricultural production objects were in an objective multiplicative relationship. Based on the results, a communication scheme between objects in agro-industrial production, reflecting their dialectical commonality was developed. They presented production objects as a resource characterized by a certain set of parameters and values. They showed the multiplicative nature of the resources relationship, describing the nature of the dependence by the method of passage to the limit. The authors identified general information requirements for solving the agriculture problems, crop production and for the means of processing this information in the amount of more than 2 petaflops. They established the necessary resolution for managing technical processes - less than 3 centimeters.(Conclusions) The authors proposed a paradigm for information support of technological processes in agricultural production. They confirmed the legitimacy of this approach to the paradigm formation by creating more than 20 databases. They gave examples of increasing the efficiency of grain production in the Novosibirsk region. The epistemological principles were based on the formulated six messages of information digital technologies, which made it possible to use them in more than 247 520 different combinations and apply to the whole farms variety, depending on their capabilities and desires.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ².(Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π³Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π² 2-3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ Β«Π‘ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΒ».(ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅.(Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π² Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ β ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 3 ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ².(ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20 Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.Β Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π³Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² 247 520 ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π‘Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
The article presents the main results of a three-year research on the use of a seeder with openers for different depths of grain sowing and mineral fertilizers application.Research purpose To compare SKP-2.1 seeder equipped with experimental openers and the serially produced one and to determine the yield and quality indicators of spring soft wheat grain, depending on the sowing method and the rate of nitrogen mineral fertilizers application.Materials and methods A comparative field agrotechnical experiment was carried out to compare the indicators of field germination, yield by variants and the quality of grain obtained in different variants of the experiment. The experiment was carried out on Omskaya-36 soft spring wheat. The sowing performed by SKP-2.1 serially produced seeder-cultivator was taken as control. The experimental plots were sown with the same seeder but equipped with combined coulters, which are lancet paws that ensure the placement of granular mineral fertilizers and seeds in soil horizons of different depths.Results and discussion According to the three-year research, the maximum economic effect was obtained at the rate of ammonium nitrate application of 150 kg/ha. As a result, the yield increased by 0.44 t/ha, the cost of additional production accounted for 6740 rub/ha. A slight decrease in the economic effect was revealed with an increase in the rate of fertilizer application. It was determined that the maximum yield and the best grain quality characteristics both in the control sowing options and in the experimental ones were obtained with the application of ammonium nitrate a rate of 150 and 200 kg/ha.Conclusions It was established that the use of a seeder for different-depth grain sowing and mineral fertilizers application, depending on the spring weather conditions and the ammonium nitrate dose, provides an increase in field germination by 11-18%; the average annual increase in grain yield accounted for 16.3%. The gluten content proved to increase from 24.6 (control) to 29.8 percent.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΊΡ Π‘ΠΠ-2,1 Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ-36. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π², Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΠ-2,1. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π»Π°ΠΏΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ 150 ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 0,44 ΡΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ β 6740 ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ 150 ΠΈ 200 ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 11-18 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²; ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 16,3 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ 24,6 (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ) Π΄ΠΎ 29,8 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°