USE OF TOTAL STATIONS AND GNSS EQUIPMENT IN THE REALIZATION OF CADASTRE DOCUMENTATIONS FOR THE FIRST REGISTRATION IN THE LAND BOOK

The paper presents an example of the use of total stations in combination with GNSS technology in order to obtain the topo-cadastral documentation of the first registration in the Land Book of a property. The elaboration of the documentation for a building located in Craiova, Brestei Street was studied. The building is composed of urban land with the category of use courtyards on which two constructions are built, one with the residential destination and the other with the annex destination. At the basis of the elaboration of the cadastral documentation were the measurements performed with the total station Trimble 3300 and the GNSS receiver Topcon GR3

USE OF THE STONEX S9 PLUS GPS RECEIVER FOR THE PREPARATION OF CADASTRE DOCUMENTATION FOR THE REGISTRATION IN THE LAND BOOK OF A PROPERTY

The purpose of the paper is to present a model for preparing topo-cadastral documentation for registration in the Land Book of a property, using modern equipment, methods and measurement systems. The respective building is located in Călăraşi commune, Sărata village, Dreptăţii street, number 3, Dolj county, being composed of construction yards and arable land, a residential building and two household annexes. In order to prepare the technical documentation necessary for registration in the land book of the building, a topographic survey was performed in the Stereographic 1970 projection system and the 1975 BLACK SEA reference system, using a Stonex S9 PLUS GPS receiver

Comparative power demand of mechanical and aeration imposed shear in an immersed membrane bioreactor

The power demanded for the application of mechanically-imposed shear on an immersed flat sheet (iFS) membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been compared to that of conventional membrane air scouring. Literature correlations based on the Ostwald model were used to define the rheological characteristics of an MBR sludge. The correlation of specific power demand (, in Watts per m2 membrane area) with shear rate γ in s-1 was developed from first principles through a consideration of the force balance on the system in the case of mechanically-imposed shear. The corresponding aeration imposed shear correlation was interpreted from literature information. The analysis revealed the energy required to impose a shear mechanically through oscillation (or reciprocation) of the membrane to be between 20 and 70% less than that demanded for providing the same shear by conventional aeration of the immersed membrane. The energy saving increases with decreasing shear in accordance with a power demand ratio (aeration:mechanical) of 1400γ-1.4 for a specific sludge rheology. Whilst the absolute value is dependent on the sludge rheology, the aeration:mechanical power demand ratio is determined by the difference in the two exponents in the respective correlations between and γ. Consequently, aeration-imparted shear becomes energetically favoured beyond some threshold shear rate value (∼180 s-1, based on the boundary conditions applied in the current study). The outcomes qualitatively corroborate findings from the limited practical measurement of energy demand in MBRs fitted with reciprocating immersed membranes

Clogging vs. fouling in immersed membrane bioreactors

Whilst the fouling of MBR membrane surfaces has been very extensively explored by the academic community, there is an increasingly widespread recognition by practitioners of the issue of clogging of membrane channels with sludge solids, sometimes termed “sludging”. The study undertaken has quantified this phenomenon using a bespoke test cell allowing a flat sheet membrane channel to be viewed directly during operation and the accumulated solids determined by digital image processing. Sludging behaviour has then been correlated both with the sludge properties, from sludge samples taken from both an industrial and municipal MBR, and the permeability decline rate data. The work has revealed the expected trends in fouling propensity, as quantified by the exponent n of the Δp/Δt = m.exp(nJ) correlation from classical flux-step tests. With zero membrane aeration the industrial samples exhibited sludging, the filling of the complete thickness of the membrane channel with sludge solids, whereas for municipal sludge the solids formed a cake layer which did not fill the channel. In the absence of sludging the permeability decline followed the expected pattern of increasing at the elevated soluble COD and capillary suction time values of the industrial sludge, compared with municipal sludge at the same solids concentration range (8–12 g.L−1). However, there was no evident correlation between fouling (permeability decline without sludging) and sludging: incipient sludging did not appear to influence permeability, though can be assumed to negatively impact on long-term operation, or relate to the sCOD concentration. Sludging instead appeared to depend on the sludge physical properties, and primarily the viscosity: sludge samples at high viscosities were found to exhibit a different air-scour pattern to that at normal MLSS concentrations. Outcomes suggest that sludging is caused by rheological conditions promoting bubble coalescence and bubble stream constriction, reducing the exposure of the membrane surface to scouring air

Hadronic Probes of the Polarized Intrinsic Strangeness of the Nucleon

We have previously interpreted the various large apparent violations of the naive Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule found in many channels in $\bar{p}p$ annihilation at LEAR as evidence for an intrinsic polarized $\bar{s}s$ component of the nucleon wave function. The model is further supported by new data from LEAR and elsewhere. Here we discuss in more detail the possible form of the $\bar{s}s$ component of the nucleon wave function, interpret the new data and clarify the relative roles of strangeness shake-out and rearrangement, discuss whether alternative interpretations are still allowed by the new data, and propose more tests of the model.Comment: LaTeX, 31 page

RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD, ON FERTILITY OF THE PSAMOSOIL IN THE DANUBE LOWLAND (AREA POIANA MARE-DOLJ)

In order to test the productive ccapacity of sandy soils from Poiana Mare as well as the way they respond to fertilization there were carried out two monofactorial experiments: one experiment was located on an eutric sandy soil (typical) placed on the tip of the dune and the second one was set up between dunes on a wide place. The treatments were as follows:V1= not fertilized (control);V2= fertilized by N100;V3= fertilized by N100 P60;V4= fertilized by N100 P60 K40;V5= fertilized by manure, 30 t/ha, applied every three years.The experiment lasted three years in a wheat – maize crop rotation.These crops are most frecquently cropped in this area in in the above mentioned crop rotation. The trials have been carried out with irrigation

Electron-hole correlation effects in the emission of light from quantum wires

We present a self-consistent treatment of the electron-hole correlations in optically excited quantum wires within the ladder approximation, and using a contact potential interaction. The limitations of the ladder approximation to the excitonic low-density region are largely overcome by the introduction of higher order correlations through self consistency. We show relevance of these correlations in the low-temperature emission, even for high density relevant in lasing, when large gain replaces excitonic absorption.Comment: 4 paes 3 figure

Role of bound pairs in the optical properties of highly excited semiconductors: a self consistent ladder approximation approach

Presence of bound pairs (excitons) in a low-temperature electron-hole plasma is accounted for by including correlation between fermions at the ladder level. Using a simplified one-dimensional model with on-site Coulomb interaction, we calculate the one-particle self-energies, chemical potential, and optical response. The results are compared to those obtained in the Born approximation, which does not account for bound pairs. In the self-consistent ladder approximation the self-energy and spectral function show a characteristic correlation peak at the exciton energy for low temperature and density. In this regime the Born approximation overestimates the chemical potential. Provided the appropriate vertex correction in the interaction with the photon is included, both ladder and Born approximations reproduce the excitonic and free pair optical absorption at low density, and the disappearance of the exciton absorption peak at larger density. However, lineshapes and energy shifts with density of the absorption and photoluminescence peaks are drastically different. In particular, the photoluminescence emission peak is much more stable in the ladder approximation. At low temperature and density a sizeable optical gain is produced in both approximations just below the excitonic peak, however this gain shows unphysical features in the Born approximation. We conclude that at low density and temperature it is fundamental to take into account the existence of bound pairs in the electron-hole plasma for the calculation of its optical and thermodynamic properties. Other approximations that fail to do so are intrinsically unphysical in this regime, and for example are not suitable to address the problem of excitonic lasing.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure