6 research outputs found

    Investigations of a model of the blood vessel part

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    Przedstawiona praca dotyczy modelowania w艂a艣ciwo艣ci dynamicznych systemu naczy艅 krwiono艣nych. W pracy wykorzystuje si臋 uzyskan膮 eksperymentalnie transmitancj臋 fragmentu systemu naczy艅 krwiono艣nych znajduj膮cego si臋 pomi臋dzy stawem 艂okciowym i nadgarstkiem. W artykule rozwa偶a si臋 dwa modele podatnej t臋tnicy, kt贸re s膮 badane w aspekcie dopasowania do danych uzyskanych do艣wiadczalnie. Do dalszych prac zostaje wybrany model charakteryzuj膮cy si臋 du偶ym stopniem dopasowania do danych eksperymentalnych, uwzgl臋dniaj膮cy rzeczywiste zachowanie cieczy w odkszta艂conej podatnie t臋tnicy.The paper concerns the modeling of dynamic specificity of blood vessel. The simple physical models of blood vessel part were investigated. In the experiments a PPG signal was used. The optoelectronic sensors were installed on a wrist and forearm. After the acquisition, the obtained samples of the PPG signal were identified by the RLS method. As a result of the experiments the transfer function of the investigated blood vessel part was obtained. This transmittance is described with Eq. (4), and its step response is shown in Fig. 2. In the work two physical models are considered. The structures of these models are shown in Figs.1 and 3. The first one uses the phenomenon of suppressed oscillations, while the second one - the phenomenon of impact of the liquid wave. The transfer functions of the models are described by Eqs. (6) and (13), respectively. In the study compatibility between the obtained transfer function and the physical models was verified. The transfer function of blood vessel and the transfer functions of physical models were compared. Their step responses were compared, too. Finally, the correspondence between the second physical model and the transmittance of the blood vessel part was experimentally proved

    Application of Allan variance to research of heart rate variability

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    Zmienno艣膰 rytmu serca jest powszechnie wyst臋puj膮cym zjawiskiem fizjologicznym. Do jego parametryzacji wykorzystuje si臋 typowe wielko艣ci statystyczne, do kt贸rych nale偶y warto艣膰 艣rednia i odchylenie standardowe. W pracy zaproponowano wykorzystanie do jej oceny wariancji Allana, kt贸ra jest u偶yteczna w ocenie jako艣ci oscylator贸w elektronicznych. Zaprezentowano adaptacj臋 metody obliczeniowej wariancji Allana, kt贸r膮 dostosowano do specyfiki badanego sygna艂u oraz wyniki uzyskane dla trzech 10-minutowych przebieg贸w akcji serca.The heart rate variability - HRV, is a general physiological phenomenon. The analysis of HRV is a simple and noninvasive clinical examination of heart and autonomic nervous system. In the time domain the periods of electrocardiographic signal (ECG) or photoplethysmographic signal (PPG) are detected. Next, typical statistical parameters such as e.g. the average value, the standard deviation of these periods are calculated. The Allan variance is a recommended measure of instability of oscillators. The human heart is an oscillator too, so the Allan variance has been proposed to evaluate its rhythm variability. The procedure of calculation of the Allan variance has been modified, because the fundamental frequency of the heart rhythm is unknown. This modification is described by Eqs. 1 - 5, and shown in Fig. 1. In the experiments the PPG signal has been used. The histograms of the heart rhythm periods are presented in Fig. 2. The obtained values of the heart rhythm Allan variance are shown in Fig. 3. The obtained results enable identification of the kind of a noise component occurring in the heart rhythm

    The detection of segmentation errors in a photoplethysmographic signal

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    Tematyka pracy zwi膮zana jest z analiz膮 zmienno艣ci rytmu serca, a dotyczy w szczeg贸lno艣ci detekcji b艂臋d贸w powstaj膮cych podczas segmentacji procedury wyznaczaj膮cej zbi贸r okres贸w przebiegu. W artykule om贸wiono i zilustrowano podstawowe przyczyny b艂臋d贸w segmentacji. Zaproponowano dwa algorytmy detekcyjne wykorzystuj膮ce statystyczne przedzia艂y tolerancji, kt贸re nast臋pnie przetestowano i oceniono przy u偶yciu posiadanego zbioru 5-minutowych przebieg贸w sygna艂u fotopletyzmograficznego.The paper concerns the detection of segmentation errors in a photoplethysmographic signal (PPG). In the paper, the causes of segmentation errors are considered. The technical causes are presented in Figs. 1 and 2 while the biological causes are shown in Fig. 3. Two algorithms of detection of errors are proposed. Both algorithms use statistical tolerance ranges, which are described by Eq. 1. The principles of operation of these algorithms are given in Eqs. 2 and 3. In the study the efficiency of these algorithms was evaluated using the factor of errors defined by Eq. 4. For both algorithms the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and positive prediction value (PPV) and negative prediction value (NPV) were calculated, too. In the experiments real photoplethysmographic signals were analyzed. Time duration of each signal was equal to 5 min. The coefficients of errors obtained for both algorithms are presented in Fig. 4. The comparison of the sensitivity and the positive prediction value is shown in Fig. 5. The causes of differences between the obtained values of the coefficients are considered. The possibility of improvement of SE and PPV is also analyzed

    The algorithms of photoplethysmographic signal conditioning

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    W pracy om贸wiono wybrane algorytmy przeznaczone do kondycjonowania sygna艂u fotopletyzmograficznego (PPG). Zaprezentowano konfiguracj臋 analogowej cz臋艣ci toru akwizycji. Zaproponowano metod臋 okre艣lania pasma szum贸w i redukcji sk艂adowej o charakterze szumowym. Dokonano wyboru optymalnej metody segmentacji przebiegu. Zaproponowano algorytm do wykrywania patologicznych zaburze艅 miarowo艣ci pracy serca. Zaprezentowano model przebiegu sygna艂u PPG i wyniki jego parametryzacji.The selected algorithms of photoplethysmographic signal (PPG) conditioning have been described. The configuration of the analog part of an acquistion circuit was presented. The evaluation of the noise band and the method of noise component reduction have been proposed. The optimal method of PPG signal segmentation was selected. The algorithm for detectingpathological disturbances of the heart rhythm was proposed. The model of PPG waveform and results of its parameterization were presented

    The microprocessor device for numbering of UDP packets

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    Najistotniejsz膮 wad膮 protoko艂u UDP jest brak synchronizacji pomi臋dzy wysy艂aniem i odbiorem kolejnych pakiet贸w. Ten problem mo偶na rozwi膮za膰 poprzez nadawanie pakietom numer贸w, kt贸re by艂y zapisywane w pierwszych bajtach pakietu. Poniewa偶 profesjonalne medyczne urzadzenia pomiarowe, dysponuj膮ce mo偶liwo艣ci膮 transmisji danych, nie s膮 wyposa偶one w opcje przygotowania pakiet贸w UDP, zadanie numeracji pakiet贸w powierzono dodatkowemu urz膮dzeniu mikroprocesorowemu, kt贸re umieszczono pomi臋dzy medycznym urz膮dzeniem pomiarowym a transeiverem GPRS. W pracy przeprowadzono analiz臋 konstrukcji urz膮dzenia mikroprocesorowego przeznaczonego do numeracji pakiet贸w UDP oraz opisano jego w艂a艣ciwo艣ci sprz臋towe i programowe.In the UDP protocol, data are transmitted in packets, but the synchronization between transmission and reception of successive packet is not ensured. This problem can be solved by the use of packets numbering. The numbers can be calculated and written as a first and second byte of packets. Because the professional medical measurements devices cannot number data packets, the numbering of data packets can be performed with a specialized additional device, placed between the medical devices and GPRS transceiver. In the paper, the microprocessor device for UDP packets numbering has been described. The attributes of hardware and software have been discussed
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