Constructing a Theory of Educational Administration

The development of administrative theory has long been a quest for scholars in the field of educational administration. The beginnings of the development of a theory of educational administration began with Griffiths‘ (1959) now classic Administrative Theory, where he outlined the problem and noted, ―The field [of educational administration] is no longer neatly defined [and] textbooks are characterized by a search for the substance of administration and for a theory which binds the substance together‖ (p. 1-2). The need for such a theory has been important because a theory could serve to guide and support practice, even though the link between theory and practice has not always been articulated. In addition, the complex interactive nature of educational administration and the different school contexts have made it difficult to establish a uniform administrative theory. English (2002) called the theory-practice gap the ―Gordian Knot.‖ He noted, ―The theory-practice gap is a direct result of continuing to use inductive methods in creating theories for use in studying schools and the practices in them. The creation of … theories in educational administration … are not likely to come about under the way theories are constructed…in much of the present research‖ (p. 3)

Toward Improving Canada's Skilled Immigration Policy: An Evaluation Approach

Economic Growth and innovation, Canada, immigration, skilled immigration, point system

Immigrant Earnings Distributions and Earnings Mobility in Canada: Evidence for the 1982 Landing Cohort from IMDB Micro Data

This paper provides preliminary results from the IMDB panel database on the earnings distribution and earnings mobility of Canadian immigrants over their first post-landing decade in Canada. In this study we examine only the 1982 landing cohort of immigrants and follow them through to 1992. We examine earnings outcomes by four immigrant admission categories (independent economic immigrants, family class immigrants, and refugees) and separately for men and women. We find that there was indeed a substantial increase in the real earnings of 1982 immigrants over their first ten post-landing years in Canada. Annual earnings were initially highest for independent economic immigrants (all of whom are principal applicants) and lowest for refugees. But the growth rate of earnings was highest among refugees, so that by the tenth post-landing year refugees had the second-highest annual earnings levels after independent economic immigrants. Earnings inequality among immigrants in the 1982 landing cohort changed over the ensuing decade in a manner consistent with onward migration beyond Canada from the top end of the immigrant earnings distribution. In fact, sample attrition in the IMDB database was greatest among independent economic immigrants, followed by refugees. Earnings mobility was substantially greater for immigrants than for earners as a whole in the Canadian labour market, and declined with years since landing for both male and female immigrants. Earnings mobility was also greater among immigrant women than among immigrant men. The results indicate that the point system is effective in admitting higher-earning immigrants who succeed in moving ahead in the Canadian labour market, but suggest that onward (or through) migration among the most skilled immigrant workers may be a policy concern.Immigrant Earnings, Earnings Mobility of Immigrants, Canadian Immigrant Earnings

Immigrant Earnings Differences Across Admission Categories and Landing Cohorts in Canada

This study uses longitudinal IMDB micro data to document the annual earnings outcomes of Canadian immigrants in four major admission categories (skill-assessed independent economic principal applicants, accompanying economic immigrants, family class immigrants, and refugees) and three annual landing cohorts (those for the years 1982, 1988, and 1994) over the first ten years following their landing in Canada as permanent residents. The findings provide a ten-year earnings signature for the four broad immigrant admission categories in Canada. The study’s first major finding is that skill-assessed economic immigrants had consistently and substantially the highest annual earnings levels among the four admission categories for both male and female immigrants in all three landing cohorts. Family class immigrants or refugees generally had the lowest earnings levels. An important related finding is that refugees exhibited substantially the highest earnings growth rates for both male and female immigrants in all three landing cohorts, while independent economic or family class immigrants generally had the lowest earnings growth rates over their first post-landing decade in Canada. The study’s second major finding is that economic recessions appear to have had clearly discernible negative effects on immigrants’ earnings levels and growth rates; moreover, these adverse effects were much more pronounced for male immigrants than for female immigrants.Immigrant earnings, admission categories, Canadian immigrants

2GHz MIMO channel model from experimental outdoor data analysis in UMTS

The key objective of this work was to obtain a MIMO model for a line of sight (LOS) channel component as well as the covariance matrix for a non-LOS deployment. A maximum likelihood criteria is applied to obtain a LOS spatial signature vector and a NLOS covariance matrix derived from channel measurements taken in the 2 GHz UMTS spectrum for an urban deployment in Bristol (UK). Different user equipment deployments were considered to represent both LOS and NLOS, as well as static and dynamic (motion) situations. The parameters of interest were estimated from these data and the fitness model was satisfactorily evaluated in all cases. Further, the Kronecker product between transmitter and receiver matrices was evaluated in order to simplify the model, for both, LOS and NLOS cases, including polarization diversity cases.The key objective of this work was to obtain a MIMO model for a line of sight (LOS) channel component as well as the covariance matrix for a non-LOS deployment. A maximum likelihood criteria is applied to obtain a LOS spatial signature vector and a NLOS covariance matrix derived from channel measurements taken in the 2 GHz UMTS spectrum for an urban deployment in Bristol (UK). Different user equipment deployments were considered to represent both LOS and NLOS, as well as static and dynamic (motion) situations. The parameters of interest were estimated from these data and the fitness model was satisfactorily evaluated in all cases. Further, the Kronecker product between transmitter and receiver matrices was evaluated in order to simplify the model, for both, LOS and NLOS cases, including polarization diversity cases

Pathways to Economic Mobility: Key Indicators

Outlines how indicators of social, human, and financial capital affect an individual's chances of moving up or down the economic ladder. Analyzes data on family structure, community, education, race/ethnicity, health, home ownership, and other factors

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2008

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2007

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant