4,966 research outputs found
Lacto
Interest in sour milk drinks has become quite general in recent years through the work and teaching of Metchnikoff, who believes that their use will aid materially in prolonging life and delaying the changes incident to old age. However, most people dislike sour milk and will not use it, so several years ago the writer undertook to prepare sour milk drinks so flavored with fruit juices as to make them more palatable. The dairy section of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment station took up these experiments and produced a frozen sour milk product of the consistency of ice cream and possessing a delicate and agreeable flavor. This frozen product was called âlactoâ and as such became widely known, not merely in this country but in other countries as well
Creamery organization and construction
Nearly two years ago the Iowa Agricultural Experiment station set out to answer a demand from scores of communities for accurate information on when, where, and how creamery associations might be organized with profit and how a satisfactory creamery should be bulit. Since that time, the station has assisted in the organization of different creamery companies and aided in the construction of eight different creamery buildings. The companies represent every type, from individual ownership to regularly incorporated associations and the buildings are of various types and sizes, ranging in cost from less than 6,000. Much valuable detailed information was secured which is now published so that it may be of service to other communities which face the question of organizing a creamery association and erecting a creamery building
Stoichiometry of δ subunit containing GABAA receptors.
Although the stoichiometry of the major synaptic ιβγ subunit-containing GABAA receptors has consensus support for 2ι:2β:1γ, a clear view of the stoichiometry of extrasynaptic receptors containing δ subunits has remained elusive. Here we examine the subunit stoichiometry of recombinant ι4β3δ receptors using a reporter mutation and a functional electrophysiological approach
Ptychographic X-ray computed tomography of extended colloidal networks in food emulsions
As a main structural level in colloidal food materials, extended colloidal
networks are important for texture and rheology. By obtaining the 3D
microstructure of the network, macroscopic mechanical properties of the
material can be inferred. However, this approach is hampered by the lack of
suitable non-destructive 3D imaging techniques with submicron resolution.
We present results of quantitative ptychographic X-ray computed tomography
applied to a palm kernel oil based oil-in-water emulsion. The measurements were
carried out at ambient pressure and temperature. The 3D structure of the
extended colloidal network of fat globules was obtained with a resolution of
around 300 nm. Through image analysis of the network structure, the fat globule
size distribution was computed and compared to previous findings. In further
support, the reconstructed electron density values were within 4% of reference
values.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Food Structur
Universality in edge-source diffusion dynamics
We show that in edge-source diffusion dynamics the integrated concentration
N(t) has a universal dependence with a characteristic time-scale tau=(A/P)^2
pi/(4D), where D is the diffusion constant while A and P are the
cross-sectional area and perimeter of the domain, respectively. For the
short-time dynamics we find a universal square-root asymptotic dependence
N(t)=N0 sqrt(t/tau) while in the long-time dynamics N(t) saturates
exponentially at N0. The exponential saturation is a general feature while the
associated coefficients are weakly geometry dependent.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figures. Minor changes. Accepted for PR
Acute referral of patients from general practitioners: should the hospital doctor or a nurse receive the call?
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Surprisingly little is known about the most efficient organization of admissions to an emergency hospital. It is important to know, who should be in front when the GP requests an acute admission. The aim of the study was to analyse how experienced ED nurses perform when assessing requests for admissions, compared with hospital physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Before- and after ED nurse assessment study, in which two cohorts of patients were followed from the time of request for admission until one month later. The first cohort of patients was included by the physicians on duty in October 2008. The admitting physicians were employed in the one of the specialized departments and only received request for admission within their speciality. The second cohort of patients was included by the ED in May 2009. They received all request from the GPs for admission, independent of the speciality in question.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 944 requests for admission were recorded. There was a non-significant trend towards the nurses admitting a smaller fraction of patients than the physicians (68 versus 74%). While the nurses almost never rejected an admission, the physicians did this in 7% of the requests. The nurses redirected 8% of the patients to another hospital, significantly more than the physicians with only 1%. (p < 0.0001). The nurses referred significantly more patients to the correct hospital than the doctors (78% vs. 70% p: 0.03). There were no differences in the frequency of unnecessary admissions between the groups. The self-reported use of time for assessment was twice as long for the physicians as for the nurses. (p < 0.0001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We found no differences in the frequency of admitted patients or unnecessary admissions, but the nurses redirected significantly more patients to the right hospital according to the catchment area, and used only half the time for the assessment. We find, that nurses, trained for the assignment, are able to handle referrals for emergency admissions, but also advise the subject to be explored in further studies including other assessment models and GP satisfaction.</p
Propagation of Light in Photonic Crystal Fibre Devices
We describe a semi-analytical approach for three-dimensional analysis of
photonic crystal fibre devices. The approach relies on modal transmission-line
theory. We offer two examples illustrating the utilization of this approach in
photonic crystal fibres: the verification of the coupling action in a photonic
crystal fibre coupler and the modal reflectivity in a photonic crystal fibre
distributed Bragg reflector.Comment: 15 pages including 7 figures. Accepted for J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Op
Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers
We study the class of endlessly single-mode all-silica photonic crystal
fibers with a triangular air-hole cladding. We consider the sensibility to
longitudinal nonuniformities and the consequences and limitations for realizing
low-loss large-mode area photonic crystal fibers. We also discuss the
dominating scattering mechanism and experimentally we confirm that both macro
and micro-bending can be the limiting factor.Comment: Accepted for Journal of Optics A - Pure and Applied Optic
A real-space grid implementation of the Projector Augmented Wave method
A grid-based real-space implementation of the Projector Augmented Wave (PAW)
method of P. E. Blochl [Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953 (1994)] for Density Functional
Theory (DFT) calculations is presented. The use of uniform 3D real-space grids
for representing wave functions, densities and potentials allows for flexible
boundary conditions, efficient multigrid algorithms for solving Poisson and
Kohn-Sham equations, and efficient parallelization using simple real-space
domain-decomposition. We use the PAW method to perform all-electron
calculations in the frozen core approximation, with smooth valence wave
functions that can be represented on relatively coarse grids. We demonstrate
the accuracy of the method by calculating the atomization energies of twenty
small molecules, and the bulk modulus and lattice constants of bulk aluminum.
We show that the approach in terms of computational efficiency is comparable to
standard plane-wave methods, but the memory requirements are higher.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
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