Experience of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan in the Prevention of Internal epidemiological Risks During the Preparation and Holding of the FIFA World Cup-2018

Objective of the study was to describe the organization of epidemiological surveillance over internal risks associated with the intensification of natural-focal diseases in the Republic of Tatarstan, analysis of the measures taken to prevent natural focal diseases during the preparation and holding of the FIFA World Cup-2018. Materials and methods. The data from surveys and forecasts as regards the numbers of small mouse-like rodents as carriers and arthropod vectors of natural-focal diseases, epizootic and epidemiological situation reports in the Republic of Tatarstan and information on infectious and parasitic disease morbidity rates in the Republic of Tatarstan, presented by the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan over 2015-2018 were utilized for analysis. Results and conclusions. The natural conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan are favorable for the circulation of pathogens of natural-focal diseases, which carriers are mammals (primarily small rodents) and birds, and vectors - blood-sucking arthropods: Ixodidae ticks, mosquitoes. The results of circulation monitoring of natural focal infection pathogens in the ambient environment made it possible to conclude that during the FIFA World Cup-2018, the epidemic risk of occurrence of natural-focal diseases would remain high. Considering the existing and forecasted internal risks, priorities were identified in the organization of preventive measures aimed at minimizing epidemiological risks in relation to natural-focal infections during the preparation and holding of the FIFA World Cup 2018. The chosen preventive strategy made it possible to prevent the infection with natural-focal infectious diseases among the population and ensure a stable epidemiological situation during the FIFA World Cup-2018

Provision of Biological Safety in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan during Preparation and Holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan

Objective – assessment of effectiveness of the measures for biological safety provision at potentially hazardous facilities in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the process of preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan. Materials and methods. Regulatory-legal acts covering the requirements to the provision of biological safety during the work with pathogenic biological agents, international guidelines and documents determining inter-agency collaboration between the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan and other departments and inter-agency task forces (Office of the Federal Security Bureau of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, Counter-Terrorism Commission in the Republic of Tatarstan, etc) were studied. Results and discussion. Considered were managerial-methodological approaches and matters of inter-agency cooperation on biological safety provision during preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan. Biological safety was examined through the prism of its provision while working with pathogenic biological agents at potentially hazardous biological facilities and  counterterrorism integrity of the objects. The guiding, directive document in the performance of the complex of measures on biological safety provision and inter-agency collaboration was the Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 09, 2017 No 202 “On peculiarities of application of reinforced security measures during holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 and FIFA Confederations Cup-2017 in Russia”. As the result of the measures conducted, biological safety, including counter-terrorism security of potentially hazardous biological objects and sanitary-epidemiological welfare, was fully provided

Concerning Two-Level Structure of Potential Epidemic Hazard of the Mass Events with International Participation

The paper discusses epidemiological environment of particular countries and parts of the world viewed as potential platforms for mass events with international participation. It is established that the most unfavorable in this respect are Asian countries, primarily South-Eastern Asia ones, and African ones, from where the majority of well-known pandemics and epidemics have originated. Specified are the factors which are significant for spread of infectious diseases that can trigger emergency situation of sanitary epidemiological character of international concern. They are tourism and migration, trade and economic affairs, natural and anthropogenic disasters. The concept - “potential epidemic hazard of mass events with international participation” - is defined. It is demonstrated that its structure comprises two levels: the natural background of endemic and imported as related to mass event region epidemiological hazards, and epidemiological hazards imposed by the event itself. Outlined is a step-by-step algorithm for assessment of “potential epidemic hazard” of mass events with international participation allowing for adjustment of measures for the provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population

Quantitative Assessment of Potential Epidemic Hazard of Mass Events with International Participation and Methodology Approbation in the Context of Universiade-2013

Put forward is a methodology for quantitative assessment of potential epidemic hazard (PEH) as regards mass events with international participation in terms of the relevant infectious diseases capable of (in compliance with IHR, 2005) inducing emergency situation of sanitary epidemiological character. It is established that PEH is an aggregate risk of infection importation by incoming contestants and visitors and of its dissemination across the mass even location. As a result of PEH level differentiation identified have been four following grades: high, medium, low and minimum. Calculated has been a rate of PEH for the XXVI Worldwide Summer Universiade in Kazan, 2013, exemplified by such infectious disease as cholera

Natural Focality of Lyme Borreliosis, Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Humans in the Republic of Tatarstan

Objective of the study is to investigate natural focality of Ixodidae tick borreliosis, granulocytic anaplasmosis, monocytic ehrli-chiosis in humans in the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. Utilized were the data from tick studies conducted between 2010–2015. Applying immune-enzymatic analysis, investigated were the blood sera from residents (donors) of Kazan and municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan for the presence of specific antibodies to borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis pathogens. Results and conclusions. For the first time ever, the data on spontaneous carriage of Ehrlichiosis pathogens in Ixodidae ticks have been obtained. The information received is an indicative of the active circulation of Borrelia, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma in the territory of the region and of necessity to expand the research on the “novel” for the Republic nosological forms of natural-focal infections

Management of Epizootiological Investigation in the Context of Mass Event (by the Example of the XXVII Worldwide Summer Universiade in Kazan, 2013)

In consequence of epizootiological investigation, differentiated has been Kazan territory according to the potential epidemic hazard levels; determined is the abundance of carriers and vectors of natural-focal infection agents in and around the territory of the Summer Universiade-2013; substantiated is the scope of preventive measures (disinfection, deratization, desinsection), as well as their frequency and coverage area. Timely detection of the regions with expressed epizootic potential growth has made it possible to carry out prophylactic activities and reach an epidemic-hazard-lowering effect as regards particular territories of the natural and anthropourgic infectious disease foci. Further on, validated has been disinfection as part of specific prophylaxis and as a basic measure for elimination of risks of the population exposure to natural-focal infections directly during the mass event

Current State of Natural Foci of Dangerous Infectious Diseases in the Territory of the Russian Federation

Objective of the study is to evaluate the current state of epizootic activity of natural zoonotic foci, as the basis for the development of prophylactic measures aimed at prevention of natural-focal infections during mass events. Materials and methods. Utilized have been reports from the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, the data provided by Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan over the period of 2009-2014, and literature references. Results and conclusions. The most pressing natural-focal infectious diseases are hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tick-borne borreliosis, and tick-borne viral encephalitis. Yersinioses, leptospiroses, and West Nile fever are rarely registered. Tularemia infections have not been reported within the past 20 years. The period of 2009-2013 is characterized by the decrease in the numbers of carriers and vectors of the diseases, as well as epizootic activity of natural foci, which came up to minimum values in 2013. Emerged since 2014 increment in the abundance rates of the carriers and later the vectors can lead to the increase in the incidence of natural-focal diseases. In the territory of the Republic, allocated are the spatial combination areas of natural foci of the diseases of various etiology with high risk of population exposure. Previous to conduction of mass events it is necessary to enhance the epizootiological surveillance in the natural foci, the results of which lay premises for the development of complex prophylactic activities

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ XXVII ВСЕМИРНОЙ ЛЕТНЕЙ УНИВЕРСИАДЫ В КАЗАНИ ОРГАНАМИ И УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ РОСПОТРЕБНАДЗОРА. Сообщение 2. Обеспечение радиационной безопасности в период проведения универсиады

In the second communication, the authors present and analyze in detail in chronological order all the activities performed in the course of providing radiation safety of the XXVII World Summer Universiade in Kazan. Special attention is given to assessing the effectiveness of the measures envisaged and implemented. Recommendations to improve the planning system have been developed, the list of measures ensuring radiation safety of the participants and guests to be held before and during large-scale events to ensure radiation safety was specified.Во втором сообщении авторами подробно представлены в хронологическом порядке и проанализированы все мероприятия, выполненные в процессе обеспечения радиационной безопасности XXVII Всемирной летней универсиады в г. Казани. Особое внимание уделено оценке эффективности предусмотренных и реализованных мер. Разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию системы планирования, уточнен перечень мероприятий по обеспечению радиационной безопасности, которые должны проводиться в период подготовки и проведения крупномасштабных массовых мероприятий, гарантирующих радиационную безопасность участников и гостей

Analysis of the epidemiological situation on the natural focal zooantroponozam Begional Infectious Pathology in the Republic of Tatarstan. Ixodes tick-borne Lyme disease. Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

The study of long-term indicators of the level, structure and dynamics of the incidence of HFRS in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan has shown that it has a wavy character with a tendency to increase and stabilize at a high level. Geographical spread of the infection is characterized by marked unevenness: the bulk of cases - 98% are landscape- geographical zones and Zakamye Predvolzhja. Analysis of the incidence of infection conditions showed that pockets of forest and dominated by household type, which accounted for 69% of morbidity. The continuing high incidence of HFRS in the Republic of Tatarstan for further study of the causes and conditions for the spread of infection to the development of a set of measures to prevent and reduce morbidity.Изучение многолетних показателей уровня, структуры и динамики заболеваемости ГЛПС на территории Республики Татарстан показал, что она имеет волнообразный характер с тенденцией к росту и стабилизации на высоком уровне. Территориальное распространение инфекции характеризуется выраженной неравномерностью: основная доля заболевших - 98% приходится на ландшафтно-географические зоны Закамья и Предволжья. Анализ заболеваемости по условиям заражения показал, что преобладают очаги лесного и бытового типа, на долю которых приходится 69% всей заболеваемости. Сохраняющийся высокий уровень заболеваемости ГЛПС в Республике Татарстан требует дальнейшего изучения причин и условий распространения инфекции для разработки комплекса мероприятий по предупреждению и снижению заболеваемости

Features of developing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein population-based seroprevalence during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Russian Federation

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, dubbed COVID-19, has become one of the most serious challenges for human populations in the vast majority of countries worldwide. Rapid spreading and increased mortality related to it required new approaches to manage epidemic processes on a global scale. One of such approaches was based on analyzing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence associated with COVID-19. Our aim was to summarize the results on assessing seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Nc) in residents from 26 regions of the Russian Federation, carried out during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic.Materials and methods. Seroprevalence distribution was examined in 26 model regions of the Russian Federation according to the unified method developed by the Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the Federal State Institution Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Such approach implied formation of a group of volunteer subjects in model geographic region who were tested by ELISA for anti-Nc serum antibody level in peripheral blood. Analyzed primary data obtained in separate regions were either accepted for publication or released.Results. The current paper finalizes the data obtained in all 26 regions of the Russian Federation. The total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 19.5 (10.0–25.6)% with the maximum and minimum value found in the Kaliningrad Region and the Republic of Crimea, respectively (50.2% vs. 4.3%). A pattern of age-related seroprevalence distribution indicates insignificant predominance of seroprevalence among subjects of 1–17 years old: 22.1 (13.1–31.8)%. Among COVID-19 convalescents positive for SARS-CoV Nc antibodies it reached 60.0 (40.0–73.3)%. The number of contact persons comprised 6285 subjects or 8.5% of total volunteer cohort, with the level of seroprevalence reaching up to 25.3 (17.95–35.8)%. A direct correlation was revealed between levels of seroprevalence in convalescent and contact volunteers. In addition, the reproductive number for SARS-CoV was calculated comprising 5.8 (4.3–8.5) suggesting that one convalescent subject can infect at least 4 healthy individuals. A high level of asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 among seropositive subjects was confirmed empirically comprising up to 93.6 (87.1–94.9)%.Conclusion. A single cross-sectional study performed during 2020 June–August timeframe allowed to assess pattern of sex- and agerelated COVID-19 seroprevalence for general population in 26 Russian Federation regions. The data obtained may serve as a basis for the longitudinal cohort investigation with serial subject sampling. The timing and duration of study will be determined by dynamics of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic