397 research outputs found
Antiproton Production in Collisions at AGS Energies
Inclusive and semi-inclusive measurements are presented for antiproton
() production in proton-nucleus collisions at the AGS. The inclusive
yields per event increase strongly with increasing beam energy and decrease
slightly with increasing target mass. The yield in 17.5 GeV/c p+Au
collisions decreases with grey track multiplicity, , for ,
consistent with annihilation within the target nucleus. The relationship
between and the number of scatterings of the proton in the nucleus is
used to estimate the annihilation cross section in the nuclear
medium. The resulting cross section is at least a factor of five smaller than
the free annihilation cross section when assuming a small or
negligible formation time. Only with a long formation time can the data be
described with the free annihilation cross section.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Role of a pineal cAMP-operated arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase/14-3-3-binding switch in melatonin synthesis
Semi-Inclusive Lambda and Kshort Production in p-Au Collisions at 17.5 GeV/c
The first detailed measurements of the centrality dependence of strangeness
production in p-A collisions are presented. Lambda and Kshort dn/dy
distributions from 17.5 GeV/c p-Au collisions are shown as a function of "grey"
track multiplicity and the estimated number of collisions, nu, made by the
proton. The nu dependence of the Lambda yield deviates from a scaling of p-p
data by the number of participants, increasing faster than this scaling for
nu<=5 and saturating for larger nu. A slower growth in Kshort multiplicity with
nu is observed, consistent with a weaker nu dependence of K-Kbar production
than Y-K production.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, formatted with RevTex, current version has
enlarged figure catpion
Visualization of cortical, subcortical and deep brain neural circuit dynamics during naturalistic mammalian behavior with head-mounted microscopes and chronically implanted lenses
Genetically encoded calcium indicators for visualizing dynamic cellular activity have greatly expanded our understanding of the brain. However, due to light scattering properties of the brain as well as the size and rigidity of traditional imaging technology, in vivo calcium imaging has been limited to superficial brain structures during head fixed behavioral tasks. This limitation can now be circumvented by utilizing miniature, integrated microscopes in conjunction with an implantable microendoscopic lens to guide light into and out of the brain, thus permitting optical access to deep brain (or superficial) neural ensembles during naturalistic behaviors. Here, we describe procedural steps to conduct such imaging studies using mice. However, we anticipate the protocol can be easily adapted for use in other small vertebrates. Successful completion of this protocol will permit cellular imaging of neuronal activity and the generation of data sets with sufficient statistical power to correlate neural activity with stimulus presentation, physiological state, and other aspects of complex behavioral tasks. This protocol takes 6–11 weeks to complete
Coordination of Brain-Wide Activity Dynamics by Dopaminergic Neurons
Several neuropsychiatric conditions, such as addiction and schizophrenia, may arise in part from dysregulated activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (THVTA) neurons, as well as from more global maladaptation in neurocircuit function. However, whether THVTA activity affects large-scale brain-wide function remains unknown. Here we selectively activated THVTA neurons in transgenic rats and measured resulting changes in whole-brain activity using stimulus-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging. Applying a standard generalized linear model analysis approach, our results indicate that selective optogenetic stimulation of THVTA neurons enhanced cerebral blood volume signals in striatal target regions in a dopamine receptor-dependent manner. However, brain-wide voxel-based principal component analysis of the same data set revealed that dopaminergic modulation activates several additional anatomically distinct regions throughout the brain, not typically associated with dopamine release events. Furthermore, explicit pairing of THVTA neuronal activation with a forepaw stimulus of a particular frequency expanded the sensory representation of that stimulus, not exclusively within the somatosensory cortices, but brain-wide. These data suggest that modulation of THVTA neurons can impact brain dynamics across many distributed anatomically distinct regions, even those that receive little to no direct THVTA input
Strangeness Enhancement in and Interactions at SPS Energies
The systematics of strangeness enhancement is calculated using the HIJING and
VENUS models and compared to recent data on , and
collisions at CERN/SPS energies (). The HIJING model is used to
perform a {\em linear} extrapolation from to . VENUS is used to
estimate the effects of final state cascading and possible non-conventional
production mechanisms. This comparison shows that the large enhancement of
strangeness observed in collisions, interpreted previously as possible
evidence for quark-gluon plasma formation, has its origins in non-equilibrium
dynamics of few nucleon systems. % Strangeness enhancement %is therefore traced
back to the change in the production dynamics %from to minimum bias
and central collisions. A factor of two enhancement of at
mid-rapidity is indicated by recent data, where on the average {\em one}
projectile nucleon interacts with only {\em two} target nucleons. There appears
to be another factor of two enhancement in the light ion reaction relative
to , when on the average only two projectile nucleons interact with two
target ones.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures in uuencoded postscript fil
The Effects of Interactions on the Structure and Morphology of Elliptical/Lenticular galaxies in Pairs
We present a photometric and structural analysis of 42 E/S0 galaxies in (E/S0
+ S) pairs observed in the BVRI color bands. We empirically determine the
effects of interactions on their morphology, structure and stellar populations
as seen from the light concentration (C), asymmetry (A), and clumpiness (S)
parameters. We further compare these values to a control sample of 67 mostly
isolated, non-interacting E/S0 galaxies. The paired E/S0 galaxies occupy a more
scattered loci in CAS space than non-interacting E/S0's, and the structural
effects of interactions on E/S0's are minor, in contrast to disk galaxies
involved in interactions. This suggests that observational methods for
recognizing interactions at high z, such the CAS methodology, would hardly
detect E/S0's involved in interactions (related to early phases of the so
called `dry-mergers'). We however find statistical differences in A when
comparing isolated and interacting E/S0s. In the mean, paired E/S0 galaxies
have A values 2.96+-0.72 times larger than the ones of non-interacting E/S0's.
For the subset of presumably strongly interacting E/S0's, A and S can be
several times larger than the typical values of the isolated E/S0's. We show
that the asymmetries are consistent with several internal and external
morphological distortions. We conclude that the interacting E/S0s in pairs
should be dense, gas poor galaxies in systems spaning a wide range of
interaction stages, with typical merging timescales >~ 0.1-0.5 Gyr. We use the
observed phenomenology of these galaxies to predict the approximate loci of
`dry pre-mergers' in the CAS space.(Abridged)Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures included. To appear in The Astronomical Journa
Au+Au Reactions at the AGS: Experiments E866 and E917
Particle production and correlation functions from Au+Au reactions have been
measured as a function of both beam energy (2-10.7AGeV) and impact parameter.
These results are used to probe the dynamics of heavy-ion reactions, confront
hadronic models over a wide range of conditions and to search for the onset of
new phenomena.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, Talk presented at Quark Matter '9
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