The field inside a random distribution of parallel dipoles

We determine the probability distribution for the field inside a random uniform distribution of electric or magnetic dipoles. For parallel dipoles, simulations and an analytical derivation show that although the average contribution from any spherical shell around the probe position vanishes, the Levy stable distribution of the field is symmetric around a non-vanishing field amplitude. In addition we show how omission of contributions from a small volume around the probe leads to a field distribution with a vanishing mean, which, in the limit of vanishing excluded volume, converges to the shifted distribution.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Gender, leadership and public relations

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 12, 2009)Vita.Includes bibliographical references.Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2008.Dissertations, Academic -- University of Missouri--Columbia -- Journalism.Women dominate public relations, making up 70 percent of its work force; however, women only fill 20 percent of the top leadership roles in major agencies. The issue of gender and leadership in public relations needs to shift toward those women who are leaders, examining the factors that make them successful (Aldoory, 2005). To better understand how gender affects leadership within public relations, this research applies feminist theory to a case study at an international public relations firm located in the Midwest, MW. Twelve in-depth interviews with subordinates and managers yielded thick descriptions regarding gender's influence on leadership styles, personnel decisions, mentoring abilities, work-life balance perceptions and thoughts on equality in the work place. Findings show that the many factors of the employee's overall social location (class, race, etc) trumps gender when it comes to leadership styles, mentoring relationships, gender disparity, work-life balance and hiring/promoting. Thus, according to the feminist theory of intersectionality, gender is just part of the domination matrix that contributes to a lack of women in public relations leadership

Thermodynamic stability of austenitic Ni-Mn-Cu cast iron

The performed research was aimed at determining thermodynamic stability of structures of Ni-Mn-Cu cast iron castings. Examined were 35 alloys. The castings were tempered at 900 °C for 2 hours. Two cooling speeds were used: furnace-cooling and water-cooling. In the alloys with the nickel equivalent value less than 20,0 %, partial transition of austenite to martensite took place. The austenite decomposition ratio and the related growth of hardness was higher for smaller nickel equivalent value and was clearly larger in annealed castings than in hardened ones. Obtaining thermodynamically stable structure of castings requires larger than 20,0 % value of the nickel equivalent

Scalable designs for quantum computing with rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Due to inhomogeneous broadening, the absorption lines of rare-earth-ion dopands in crystals are many order of magnitudes wider than the homogeneous linewidths. Several ways have been proposed to use ions with different inhomogeneous shifts as qubit registers, and to perform gate operations between such registers by means of the static dipole coupling between the ions. In this paper we show that in order to implement high-fidelity quantum gate operations by means of the static dipole interaction, we require the participating ions to be strongly coupled, and that the density of such strongly coupled registers in general scales poorly with register size. Although this is critical to previous proposals which rely on a high density of functional registers, we describe architectures and preparation strategies that will allow scalable quantum computers based on rare-earth-ion doped crystals.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Measurement of the azimuthal angle dependence of inclusive jet yields in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the variation of inclusive jet suppression as a function of relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, with respect to the elliptic event plane provide insight into the path-length dependence of jet quenching. ATLAS has measured the Δϕ dependence of jet yields in 0.14  nb-1 of √sNN=2.76  TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC for jet transverse momenta pT>45  GeV in different collision centrality bins using an underlying event subtraction procedure that accounts for elliptic flow. The variation of the jet yield with Δϕ was characterized by the parameter, v2jet, and the ratio of out-of-plane (Δϕ∼π/2) to in-plane (Δϕ∼0) yields. Nonzero v2jet values were measured in all centrality bins for pT<160  GeV. The jet yields are observed to vary by as much as 20% between in-plane and out-of-plane directions

Measurement of the production cross section of prompt J/ψ mesons in association with a W± boson in pp collisions at p s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The process pp → W±J/ψ provides a powerful probe of the production mechanism of charmonium in hadronic collisions, and is also sensitive to multiple parton interactions in the colliding protons. Using the 2011 ATLAS dataset of 4.5 fb-1 of p s = 7TeV pp collisions at the LHC, the first observation is made of the production of W± + prompt J/ events in hadronic collisions, using W± → μ and J/ψ → μ+μ-. A yield of 27.4±7.5 -6.5 W± + prompt J/ψ events is observed, with a statistical significance of 5.1. The production rate as a ratio to the inclusive W± boson production rate is measured, and the double parton scattering contribution to the cross section is estimated

Macroscopic Properties of Open-Cell Foams Based on Micromechanical Modelling

This paper presents a micromechanical analysis for the assessment of macroscopic behaviour of threedimensional open-cell solid foams. The analysis is based on material properties of a solid phase and topological arrangement of cell structure. A foam structure consists of idealized tetrahedral unit cells, which are built of four identical half-struts forming a diamond-like structure and identified as Plateau borders. Such a unit cell represents the essential microstructural features of foam. An analytical formulation of force-displacement relations for struts can be found by considering the affinity of node displacements in tensile, bending, and shear deformation. The elements of the stiffness matrix for a single cell are expressed as functions of the compliance coefficients for stretching and bending of struts. The effective elastic constants for metallic foam considered as isotropic material are determined as functions of foam relative density and compared with available results. In this paper we define an energy-based limit condition of linear elasticity for open-cell foams and calculate the critical energy density pertinent to a particular orthogonal energy state accounting for elementary interactions in a microstructure. The study based on the assumption of linear elasticity leads to simple analytical formulas. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that the proposed theoretical basis of micromechanical modelling could be also applied for the analysis of nonlinear elastic behaviour, plasticity, and failure of foams. Such problems require, however, a more complex numerical approach