475 research outputs found
Dehydration and ionic conductance quantization in nanopores
There has been tremendous experimental progress in the last decade in
identifying the structure and function of biological pores (ion channels) and
fabricating synthetic pores. Despite this progress, many questions still remain
about the mechanisms and universal features of ionic transport in these
systems. In this paper, we examine the use of nanopores to probe ion transport
and to construct functional nanoscale devices. Specifically, we focus on the
newly predicted phenomenon of quantized ionic conductance in nanopores as a
function of the effective pore radius - a prediction that yields a particularly
transparent way to probe the contribution of dehydration to ionic transport. We
study the role of ionic species in the formation of hydration layers inside and
outside of pores. We find that the ion type plays only a minor role in the
radial positions of the predicted steps in the ion conductance. However, ions
with higher valency form stronger hydration shells, and thus, provide even more
pronounced, and therefore, more easily detected, drops in the ionic current.
Measuring this phenomenon directly, or from the resulting noise, with synthetic
nanopores would provide evidence of the deviation from macroscopic (continuum)
dielectric behavior due to microscopic features at the nanoscale and may shed
light on the behavior of ions in more complex biological channels.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
A Finite-Size Scaling Study of a Model of Globular Proteins
Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are used to explore the metastable
fluid-fluid coexistence curve of the modified Lennard-Jones model of globular
proteins of ten Wolde and Frenkel (Science, v277, 1975 (1997)). Using both
mixed-field finite-size scaling and histogram reweighting methods, the joint
distribution of density and energy fluctuations is analyzed at coexistence to
accurately determine the critical-point parameters. The subcritical coexistence
region is explored using the recently developed hyper-parallel tempering Monte
Carlo simulation method along with histogram reweighting to obtain the density
distributions. The phase diagram for the metastable fluid-fluid coexistence
curve is calculated in close proximity to the critical point, a region
previously unattained by simulation.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, 2 Table
Electron-beam modification of coating-aluminum substrate systems
Multiphase surface alloys with improved strength and tribological characteristics have been synthesized by exposing coating/A7 substrate systems to a pulsed electron beam. Optimum modes of electron-ion-plasma treatment of commercially pure aluminum have been found at which the wear resistance and hardness of the surface layer were observed to increase by a factor of about 7.5 and up to 18, respectively
Influence of Phase Diffuser Dynamics on Scintillations of Laser Radiation in Earth Atmosphere: Long-Distance Propagation
The effect of a random phase diffuser on fluctuations of laser light
(scintillations) is studied. Not only spatial but also temporal phase
variations introduced by the phase diffuser are analyzed. The explicit
dependence of the scintillation index on finite-time phase variations is
obtained for long propagation paths. It is shown that for large amplitudes of
phase fluctuations, a finite-time effect decreases the ability of phase
diffuser to suppress the scintillations.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Saint-Petersburg Academic Fine Art in the Space of Contemporary Creative Industries
Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅
Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²,
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° Ρ Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΡ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²,
Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π°? Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ‘reative industries have been actively developing during the in recent decades in Saint Petersburg more and more new creative spaces aimed at the interaction of various art institutions and representation of contemporary art have been formed. The study tested the role professional academic art, as represented by traditional schools and individual masters in the development of the new art spaces that have appeared in Saint Petersburg. How does the academic school with its traditional ways relate to the needs of visitors of art spaces, what is the role of contemporary artists engaged in the transformation of the cultural leisure time of visitors of creative spaces? The article offers an art history review of the current situation of academic art within St. Petersburgβs creative industries, representing different artistic movement
Actual Issues of the Russian Academic Art History Methodology
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ» Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° β ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ 1930β1940βΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈΠ· Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ», ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌOne of the largest academic schools of art history in Russia is the St. Petersburg
Academic School of Art History, one of the oldest in Russia. Its creation and formation dates
back to the 1930sβ40s. During its existence, it was associated with the activities of major art
historians, art theorists and art critics. It can be regarded as one of the authoritative schools
representing the science of art and associated with the traditions of domestic and foreign
essayism and connoisseurship. At the same time, it should be noted its influence on domestic
art history in general and on the activities of many art institutions. In recent decades, it has
experienced serious transformations in connection with the general trends in the humanitarian
fields of science. On the example of the development of this school it is possible to consider
how the methodology of academic art history, which is seriously influenced by cultural
studies, philosophy, sociology, linguistics and intercultural communication, is changing.
Art history is influenced by the art market with its democratisation and is enriched with
modern research methods and technologies. The article considers the necessity of using the
whole variety of modern methodology of the humanities, but on the basis of the established
traditional approaches to art history researc
Are We There Yet?: The Development of a Corpus Annotated for Social Acts in Multilingual Online Discourse
We present the AAWD and AACD corpora, a collection of discussions drawn from Wikipedia talk pages and small group IRC discussions in English, Russian and Mandarin. Our datasets are annotated with labels capturing two kinds of social acts: alignment moves and authority claims. We describe these social acts, describe our annotation process, highlight challenges we encountered and strategies we employed during annotation, and present some analyses of resulting data set which illustrate the utility of our corpus and identify interactions among social acts and between participant status and social acts and in online discourse
MΓΆssbauer characterization of microbially mediated iron and manganese ores of variable geological ages
A combination of various techniques was applied to investigate the mineralogy of the Neoproterozoic Urucum iron and manganese deposit (Brazil) and Carboniferous and Permian manganese carbonate deposits (China). The examined deposits exhibited signs of microbial mediation from Fe and Mn bacteria and cyanobacteria. The studied samples showed diversity in their composition and particle size. Probes from Urucum deposit revealed that the rocks consist mainly of hematite, showing Mn substitution which reflects the oxidation of Mn on the active surface of Fe-rich biomat. Nanominerals occurring in significant concentration also supported the microbial contribution to the formation of these ores. Representative samples of Neoproterozoic and Permian deposits showed considerable amount of mixed carbonates with variable composition. 57Fe MΓΆssbauer spectroscopy analysis supported by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy data provided a detailed characterization of Fe-rich mineral phases of the samples, including metal ratio outlooks, particle size dimension and presence and type of impurities. Integrity and high resolution of the methods allowed to determine new features of the samples reflecting important signatures of microbial activity revealing the biogeochemistry of the biomat formation
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