Does the new Helix 3D hip joint improve walking of hip disarticulated amputees?

International audiencePURPOSE: Testing the new hip joint Helix(3D) efficiency through clinical data and walking parameters. METHOD: Three young hip-disarticulated patients (P1, P2 and P3) were assessed both with their previous prosthesis at first day, then four days and six months after being trained with a new prosthesis equipped with the Helix(3D) hip joint. Assessments comprised a satisfaction questionnaire, a two-minute walk test and a recording of main spatiotemporal gait parameters RESULTS: After four days with the Helix(3D), the satisfaction for the prosthesis was improved for P1, unchanged for P2 and reduced for P3. Distance walked during two minutes increased for P1, unchanged for P2 and slightly improved for P3. Gait pattern was improved in P1, only. P1 abandoned the Helix(3D) at six months due to an ischiatic wound. P2 and P3 chose not to use the Helix at the end of the four days training period because they could not adapt to the Helix(3D) characteristics (hydraulic control of hip extension and assistance to hip flexion) and because they did not gain enough benefits. Despite much effort to adjust the prosthesis, the three patients definitively abandoned the Helix(3D) because of comfort problems, and decided to walk with their previous prosthesis equipped with a monocentric hip joint or even with crutches only. CONCLUSION: The Helix(3D) hip joint may need further developments to get clinically relevant for hip-disarticulated amputees who may also need a long training period to adapt to its technical characteristics

Benzodiazepine Dependence in Subjects with Alcohol Use Disorders: What Prevalence?

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in France on benzodiazepine (BZD) dependence among outpatients with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Some international studies have been conducted on the consumption of BZD in this specific population, but the comparisons among them are difficult. We aimed to assess the current prevalence of probable benzodiazepine and BZD-like hypnotics (Z-drugs) dependence among outpatients seeking treatment for AUD. METHODS: Participants were patients seeking treatment for AUD for the first time or repeating treatment after more than twelve months. Recruitment took place in seven addiction centres between January and December 2013 in the Nantes region (France). BZD/Z-drug dependence was assessed according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for dependence. This information was gathered through a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 1005 patients included in this study, 413 were BZD/Z-drug users (41.1%). Among the 413 patients, 217 were probably dependent on at least one substance, which represents 21.6% of the total population and 52.5% of BZD/Z-drug users. CONCLUSION: BZD/Z-drug dependence represents a public health concern. Prescribers should take the risks into account and keep treatment courses to a minimum

Gene transfer of integration defective anti-HSV-1 meganuclease to human corneas ex vivo

Corneal graft rejection is a major problem in chronic herpetic keratitis (HK) patients with latent infection. A new class of antiviral agents targeting latent and active forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is importantly required. Meganucleases are sequence-specific homing endonucleases capable of inducing DNA double-strand breaks. A proof-of-concept experiment has shown that tailor-made meganucleases are efficient against HSV-1 in vitro. To take this work a step forward, we hypothesized that the pre-treatment of human corneas in eye banks using meganuclease-encoding vectors will allow HK patients to receive a medicated cornea to resist the recurrence of the infection and the common graft rejection problem. However, this strategy requires efficient gene delivery to human corneal endothelium. Using recombinant adeno-associated virus, serotype 2/1 (rAAV2/1), efficient gene delivery of a reporter gene was demonstrated in human corneas ex vivo. The optimum viral dose was 3.7 7 10(11) VG with an exposure time of 1 day, followed by 6 days incubation in de-swelling medium. In addition, 12 days incubation can result in transgene expression in excess of 70%. Using similar transduction conditions, meganuclease transgene expression was detected in 39.4% of the endothelial cells after 2 weeks in culture. Reduction of the total viral load in the media and the endothelial cells of corneas infected with HSV-1 was shown. Collectively, this work provides information about the optimum conditions to deliver genetic material to the cornea, and demonstrates for the first time the expression of meganuclease in human corneas ex vivo and its antiviral activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the treatment of human corneas in eye banks before transplantation is a new approach to address the unmet clinical needs in corneal diseases