Effets d’une thérapie intensive de groupe pour les adolescentes et adolescents franco-québécois qui bégaient : résultats d’une étude rétrospective = Impact of intensive group therapy for Québec-French-speaking adolescents who stutter: Findings of a retrospective study

Abrégé Le bégaiement développemental est un trouble complexe qui affecte non seulement la parole, mais également les relations sociales et le développement identitaire chez plusieurs adolescentes et adolescents qui bégaient. Les thérapies de groupe semblent une modalité appréciée et efficace auprès de cette population. L’Association des jeunes bègues du Québec propose depuis 1993 une thérapie intensive de groupe, sous forme de camp de vacances, aux jeunes de 13 à 17 ans. Au total, les adolescentes et adolescents reçoivent environ 50 heures d’intervention orthophonique, lesquelles sont consacrées depuis 2011 à une application adaptée du programme Camperdown accompagnée d’activités d’éducation psychologique inspirées de la thérapie cognitivocomportementale. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer les effets de cette thérapie intensive de groupe sur le plan de la parole. Pour y parvenir, une étude clinique rétrospective a été effectuée. Les données sociodémographiques et cliniques ont été extraites d’un échantillon de 44 dossiers de jeunes de 13 à 17 ans ayant bénéficié de la thérapie de groupe de l’Association des jeunes bègues du Québec de 2011 à 2019. Des statistiques descriptives ont permis d’obtenir un portrait détaillé des participantes et participants. Des analyses statistiques non paramétriques ont démontré une diminution significative (p < 0,01) des valeurs de pourcentage de syllabes bégayées et de sévérité subjective du bégaiement au terme des six jours de thérapie intensive. De plus, la majorité des jeunes avaient amorcé la phase III du programme Camperdown — qui comporte quatre phases au total. D’autres recherches sont nécessaires afin d’étudier l’efficacité de l’intervention auprès des adolescentes et adolescents qui bégaient, notamment en regard des facteurs psychosociaux associés au bégaiement. Abstract Developmental stuttering is a complex disorder that affects not only speech, but also social interactions and identity formation in many adolescents who stutter. Group therapy appears to be a popular and effective treatment modality for working with this population. Since 1993, the Association des jeunes bègues du Québec [Québec Association of Young Stutterers] has been offering intensive group therapy during summer camps to young people aged 13 to 17 years. In total, the adolescents receive approximately 50 hours of speech-language pathology therapy, which has been devoted to an adapted form of the Camperdown Program with cognitive behaviour therapy inspired activities since 2011. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this intensive group therapy on adolescents’ speech abilities using a retrospective clinical study design. Sociodemographic and clinical data were drawn from the clinical files of 44 individuals aged 13 to 17 who took part in the group therapy offered by the Association des jeunes bègues du Québec between 2011 and 2019. Descriptive statistics provided a detailed profile of the participants. Nonparametric statistical analyses showed a significant decrease (p < .01) in the percentage of syllables stuttered and in the subjective severity of stuttering after 6 days of intensive therapy. In addition, most of the individuals had begun Stage III of the four-stage Camperdown Program. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of this intervention with adolescents who stutter, particularly with regard to the psychosocial factors associated with stuttering. © 2023, Canadian Association of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists. All rights reserved

Dietary Mediators of the Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity—Results from the Quebec Family Study

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed that eating behaviors such as disinhibition, emotional and external eating, and snacking mediate genetic susceptibility to obesity. It remains unknown if diet quality and intake of specific food groups also mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess if diet quality and intakes of specific food groups mediate the association between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for BMI and BMI and waist circumference (WC). We hypothesized that poor diet quality, high intakes of energy-dense food groups, and low intakes of nutrient-dense food groups mediate the genetic susceptibility to obesity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 750 participants (56.3% women, aged 41.5 ± 14.9 y, BMI 27.8 ± 7.5 kg/m2) from the Quebec Family Study. A PRSBMI based on >500,000 genetic variants was calculated using LDpred2. Dietary intakes were assessed with a 3-d food record from which a diet quality score (i.e. Nutrient Rich Food Index 6.3) and food groups were derived. Mediation analyses were conducted using a regression-based and bootstrapping approach. RESULTS: The PRSBMI explained 25.7% and 19.8% of the variance in BMI and WC, respectively. The association between PRSBMI and BMI was partly mediated by poor diet quality (β = 0.33 ± 0.12; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.60), high intakes of fat and high-fat foods (β = 0.46 ± 0.16; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.79) and sugar-sweetened beverages (β = 0.25 ± 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.60), and low intakes of vegetables (β = 0.15 ± 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.32), fruits (β = 0.37 ± 0.12; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.64), and dairy products (β = 0.17 ± 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.37). The same trends were observed for WC. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic susceptibility to obesity was partly mediated by poor diet quality and intakes of specific food groups. These results suggest that improvement in diet quality may reduce obesity risk among individuals with high genetic susceptibility and emphasize the need to intervene on diet quality among these individuals