Fuel cell characteristic curve approximation using the Bezier curve technique

Accurate modelling of the fuel cell characteristics curve is essential for the simulation analysis, control management, performance evaluation, and fault detection of fuel cell power systems. However, the big challenge in fuel cell modelling is the multi-variable complexity of the characteristic curves. In this paper, we propose the implementation of a computer graphic technique called Bezier curve to approximate the characteristics curves of the fuel cell. Four different case studies are examined as follows: Ballard Systems, Horizon H-12Wstack, NedStackPS6, and 250Wproton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The main objective is to minimize the absolute errors between experimental and calculated data by using the control points of the Bernstein-Bezier function and de Casteljau's algorithm. The application of this technique entails subdividing the fuel cell curve to some segments, where each segment is approximated by a Bezier curve so that the approximation error is minimized. Further, the performance and accuracy of the proposed techniques are compared with recent results obtained by different metaheuristic algorithms and analytical methods. The comparison is carried out in terms of various statistical error indicators, such as Individual Absolute Error (IAE), Relative Error (RE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Errors (MBE), and Autocorrelation Function (ACF). The results obtained by the Bezier curve technique show an excellent agreement with experimental data and are more accurate than those obtained by other comparative techniques

Modeling and simulation of a solar power source at 3kW for a clean energy without pollution

The air pollution was much worse, and it became necessary to replace the fossil energy sources by the renewable energies. The causes are related to reserves that can be exhausted, to pollution and their impacts on the environment. Production of toxic gases from the combustion of coal for the effect of increasing the temperature of the earth. Solar energy is a clean and inexhaustible excellent alternative. We propose a modeling and simulation of a solar system consists of a photovoltaic generator (PVG), a boost chopper, to supply a telecommunications relay station (BTS), According to the load characteristics (I = 60A, V = 48V) DC (3 kW). A stage adaptation composed of this chopper controlled by a PWM controller (Pulse Width Modulation) is used to control the optimal operating point (MPPT) and optimize system performance using Matlab / Simulink

Modeling and Simulation of photovoltaic Module using MATLAB/SIMULINK

The study of photovoltaic system (PV) in an efficient manner requires a precise knowledge of the I-V and P-V characteristics curves of PV module. Therefore, our work presents the modeling and simulation of PV module using the Matlab/Simulink package. The model is developed based on the mathematical model of the PV module, which is based on that of an elementary PV solar cell. A particular PV module is selected for the analysis of developed model. The essential parameters required for modeling the system are taken from datasheets. I-V and P-V characteristics curves highly depend on some climatic factors such as irradiation and temperature, are obtained and discussed by simulation for the selected module

Modeling and simulation of a solar power source at 3kW for a clean energy without pollution

The air pollution was much worse, and it became necessary to replace the fossil energy sources by the renewable energies. The causes are related to reserves that can be exhausted, to pollution and their impacts on the environment. Production of toxic gases from the combustion of coal for the effect of increasing the temperature of the earth. Solar energy is a clean and inexhaustible excellent alternative. We propose a modeling and simulation of a solar system consists of a photovoltaic generator (PVG), a boost chopper, to supply a telecommunications relay station (BTS), According to the load characteristics (I = 60A, V = 48V) DC (3 kW). A stage adaptation composed of this chopper controlled by a PWM controller (Pulse Width Modulation) is used to control the optimal operating point (MPPT) and optimize system performance using Matlab / Simulink

Modelling and Parameters Extraction of Flexible Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell a-Si:H

Abstract: The precise of solar cell model parameters being the prerequisite for realizing accurate photovoltaic models. Hence, the parameters identification techniques have attracted immense interest over the years among the researchers. This paper proposes a modelling and prediction of electrical intrinsic parameter extraction method of flexible hydrogenated amorphous silicon a-Si:H solar cell, based on the meta-heuristic firefly algorithm (FA). The characteristics of solar cells are non-linear, multivariable and multi-modal and difficult to identifies the electrical intrinsic parameters by conventional and analytical methods with high accuracy. Recently, the firefly algorithm has attracted the attention to optimize the non-linear and complex systems, based on the flashing patterns and behaviour of firefly’s swarm. Besides, the proposed constrained objective function is derived from the current–voltage curve. It is the absolute errors between the experimental and calculated current and voltage values. Furthermore, the obtained results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the results obtained by quasi-Newton method (Q-N) and self-organizing migrating algorithm (SOMA). Indeed, to validate the performance of the algorithm, the statistical analyses are carried out to measure the accuracy of the estimated parameters. In the end, the theoretical results of the firefly algorithm show an excellent agreement with experimental data and more accurate compared to other compared techniques

Bond Graph Modelling of Different Equivalent Models of Photovoltaic Cell

The photovoltaic (PV) generator current-voltage equation is nonlinear and need a powerful algorithm to solve it. In this paper a dynamic modelling approach of photovoltaic generator is presented by the bond graph (BD) methodology. The BD is a graphical methodology for modelling and analysis of physical systems. It's based on decomposition of the system in subsystems and exchange energy. Therefore, using the single and double diode models representation of equivalent circuit of PV generator, the bond graph representation is derived. The mathematical model is obtained by applying the bond graph elements and rules. At the end, the simulation results of these obtained models using experimental points are plotted

Genetically Optimization of an Asymmetrical Fuzzy Logic Based Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller

This paper introduces a new fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) optimized with the genetic algorithm (GA). Four FLCs with five and seven numbers of triangular (tri) and generalized bell (g-bell) membership functions (MFs) are analyzed. The performances of the analyzed algorithms have been compared with the appropriate performances of the classical perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm by using the following criteria: the rise time (tr), the tracking accuracy of the output power, and the energy yield. The results showed that the FL-based PV MPPT controller with seven triangular (7-tri) MFs provides the best steady-state performances

Analytical optimization of photovoltaic output with Lagrange Multiplier Method

This paper proposes a non-iterative and direct optimization method for the optimization of the output characteristics of single and double diode of cell model, including series and shunt resistances. The proposed method is based on the Lagrange Multiplier Method (LMM). Typically, the proposed method is used under necessary conditions of the optimization, and it is adopted to optimize power outputs as objective functions of different solar cell technologies and Photovoltaic (PV) modules. The objective functions are formulated to determine the greatest rectangle inside I(V) characteristics and the efficiency frontier. Furthermore, by an analytical mathematical resolution we obtain the optimal current and the formula of efficiency frontier. The efficiency frontier for single diode model is a polynomial equation of second order, and fourth order in the case of double diodes model. A realistic numerical example for different technologies via computer simulations are presented to verify the performance of the proposed optimization method