A Joint Filtering and Precoding Based Uplink MC-NOMA

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has become one of the prospective candidates for upcoming 5 th generation Cellular network standard. Multicarrier NOMA (MC-NOMA) is a kind of hybrid NOMA, where, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) may be employed to achieve higher capacity. However, MC-NOMA scheme based on OFDMA face the problem of higher Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The high PAPR reduces both energy and spectral efficiency of the MC-NOMA scheme. Therefore, in this paper, a new Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering based Zadoff-Chu Matrix Transform (ZCMT) precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme is presented to reduce higher PAPR. MATLAB® simulations demonstrate that, the proposed filter based ZCMT precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme outperform the ZCMT precoded uplink MC-NOMA schemes without filtering, uplink Single Carrier NOMA (SC-NOMA) schemes and conventional uplink MC-NOMA schemes available in the literature. © 2018 IEEE

On the PAPR reduction : a novel filtering based hadamard transform precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme for 5G cellular networks

Multicarrier Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MC-NOMA) is a variant of hybrid NOMA, where, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) may be employed due to its technical maturity. The MC-NOMA is one of the attractive schemes and likely to be employed in the forthcoming 5G Cellular Networks due to its massive connectivity, spectral efficiency, better cell coverage capability and higher data rate. However, all OFDMA based schemes suffer from the problem of high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Therefore, in this paper, a novel Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter based Hadamard Transform (HT) precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme is presented for high PAPR reduction. MATLAB® simulations demonstrate that, the proposed FIR filter based HT precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme outperform the HT precoded uplink MC-NOMA schemes without any filtering and conventional uplink MC-NOMA schemes available in literature. © 2018 IEEE. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record*

On the PAPR reduction: A novel filtering based hadamard transform precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme for 5G cellular networks

Multicarrier Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MC-NOMA) is a variant of hybrid NOMA, where, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) may be employed due to its technical maturity. The MC-NOMA is one of the attractive schemes and likely to be employed in the forthcoming 5G Cellular Networks due to its massive connectivity, spectral efficiency, better cell coverage capability and higher data rate. However, all OFDMA based schemes suffer from the problem of high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Therefore, in this paper, a novel Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter based Hadamard Transform (HT) precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme is presented for high PAPR reduction. MATLAB® simulations demonstrate that, the proposed FIR filter based HT precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme outperform the HT precoded uplink MC-NOMA schemes without any filtering and conventional uplink MC-NOMA schemes available in literature

The Compactness of Non-Compacted Urban Developments: A Critical Review on Sustainable Approaches to Automobility and Urban Sprawl

This paper challenges the fact that the absolute freedom for residents to locate themselves wherever they want can lead to sustainable cities. Urban sprawl is the corollary to this freedom. Urban sprawl has become a controversial issue. Lines of thought among academics, practitioners, and local authorities have been diverse. Some academics advocate the compact city as an antidote to urban sprawl, some scholars doubt the ability of conventional notions of containments to create sustainability, and others are fascinated by urban technologies and believe in the feasibility of these technologies, whereas local authorities impose policies, one after the other, without effective results. The problematic point is the absence of a comprehensive approach to undermining the urban sprawl sustainably. On the other hand, the physical urban compactness alone cannot meet containment aims. The study therefore study poses a question: Is there a theory or policy that can accommodate all of these ideas? This study attempts to find a sustainable compromise through a critical review of the impact of auto-mobility on urban affairs and to solve the dialectical contradictions between the protagonists of compactness and their counterparts who advocate urban sprawl. The review ends with a comparison between urban initiatives and theories related to auto-mobilities, and highlights the approaches to sustainable urbanism. The conclusion is that all classic planning theories have neglected the sociocultural impact on the urban realm, and that the current initiatives and mutual debates consider the resident just as a physical object who cannot contribute effectively to sustainable urban syntax. The study concludes that urban sprawl can also be a compacted zone if authorities ensure the equity of loci-services. Then, the preference for housing locations will not be a challenge to urban residents’ movements to settle closer to their work. In the end, the inhabitants will share in making an integrated and real urban containment