The Effect of Leadership Commitment and Integrity on the Effectiveness of Education Bimas Catholic North Sulawesi Province - Indonesia

This research aimed to describe and analyze: 1) the effect of leadership commitment toward the effectiveness of BIMAS Catholic North Sulawesi, 2) the effect of integrity toward the effectiveness of BIMAS Catholic North Sulawesi, and 3) the effect of leadership commitment and integrity simultaneously toward the effectiveness of BIMAS Catholic North Sulawesi.Survey method was implemented with qualitative approach. Population unit were 92 employees. Research sample were 48 which randomly selected from 92. Questionnaire with Likert scale was the technique used to collect the data. Testing the hypothesis were using simple and multiple correlation analysis.The result of data analysis showed that: 1) there was effect of leadership commitment toward the effectiveness of BIMAS Catholic North Sulawesi, 2) there was effect of integrity toward the effectiveness of BIMAS Catholic North Sulawesi, and 3) there was effect of leadership commitment and integrity simultaneously toward the effectiveness of BIMAS Catholic North Sulawesi. Based on these conclusion, it could be recommended that: 1) the selection of Catholic BIMAS leaders in the regions needs to consider the level of commitment of their prospective leaders so that in their leadership they will receive support from all stakeholders, 2) Providing flexibility for employees, extension workers, supervisors and other stakeholders to express and create so that they can explore the potential within themselves so that the expected goals can be achieved. Keywords: Leadership Commitment, Integrity, Effectiveness. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-15-03 Publication date:May 31st 201

Gain dynamics in a highly ytterbium-doped potassium double tungstate epitaxial layer

Active media with high rare-earth concentrations are essential for small-footprint waveguide amplifiers. When operating at high population inversion, such devices are often affected by undesired energy-transfer processes and thermal effects. In this work, we study a 32-μm-thick epitaxial layer of KGd0.43Yb0.57WO42, representing an Yb3 concentration of ∼3.8 × 1021 cm−3, grown on an undoped KYWO42 substrate. The pump absorption, luminescence decay, and small-signal gain are investigated under intense pumping conditions. Spectroscopic signatures of an energy-transfer process and of quenched ions, as well as thermal effects, are observed. We present a gain model which takes into account excessive heat generated due to the abovementioned experimental observations. Based on finite-element calculations, we find that the net gain is significantly reduced due to, first, a fraction of Yb3 ions not contributing to stimulated emission, second, a reduction of population inversion owing to a parasitic energy-transfer process and, third, degradation of the effective transition cross-sections owing to device heating. Nevertheless, a signal enhancement of 8.1 dB was measured from the sample at 981 nm wavelength when pumping at 932 nm. The corresponding signal net gain of ∼800 dB∕cm, which was achieved without thermal management, is promising for a waveguide amplifier operating without active cooling

Etiology and outcome of hypoglycemia in young children: a retrospective cohort study

Objectives: Hypoglycemia is one of the most common presenting complaints at a pediatric emergency department. There are many distinct causes of hypoglycemia, ranging from nutritional insufficiency to infectious origins to metabolic disorders. Full clinical assessment and appropriate investigations can help differentiate the cause of hypoglycemia with subsequent tailored management. All patients with hypoglycemia should have a full clinical assessment together with a hypoglycemia screen if appropriate. This clinical review aims to determine the investigation of hypoglycemia in young children (<6 years) and whether these patients received a subsequent diagnosis and adequate follow-up plans. Material and Methods: The laboratory database searched for all children from 0 to 6 years old, with hypoglycemia defined as plasma glucose (PG) <54.0 mg/dL (or <3.0 mmol/L) from 2013 to 2021 at the Royal Hospital of Children, Glasgow. Cases were reviewed for the biochemistry investigations to determine if they had hypoglycemia screening requested and/or performed the presenting complaint, clinical diagnosis, and subsequent follow-up arrangements. Results: Five hundred and one children were identified with hypoglycemia (PG <54.0 mg/dL) over a 9-year period. Of these patients, 28% (142/501) had a full hypoglycemia screen, 38% had a partial screen, and 34% (166/501) had no additional blood tests related to hypoglycemia screening other than a PG. The cause of hypoglycemia was identified in 15% (77/501), with gastroenteritis being the most common cause. Of those who were hypoglycemic, 48% (240/501) had an ongoing follow-up. Among those with severe hypoglycemia (PG ≤27.0 mg/dL) (86/501), causes were identified in 72% (62/86) and 63% (54/86) of this cohort which was followed up after the first presentation. Conclusion: Screening was not consistently performed for all patients presenting with hypoglycemia. A great portion of patients were not fully investigated or followed up. This could be a result of clinical judgment in the assessment of further investigation for hypoglycemia. However, moderate and severe hypoglycemia still require further investigations, which can potentially lead to long-term consequences if not managed appropriately

Molecular analysis of promoter region of the SMN2 gene in the patients of spinal musculatr atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the absence of the full length SMN protein (FL-SMN) as a result of mutation or deletion of SMN1 gene. The isoform to this gene, SMN2 gene, with mutation in 1 base pair, encodes for 10% of FL-SMN protein and is reported to decrease the severity of the disease when there is an increase gene dosage. There are 3 clinical types of SMA; type I, type II and type III. Type I SMA is the most severe type and only a small amount of FL-SMN protein is present in these individuals. We postulated that the difference in the promoter region of SMN2 gene produces the different level of FL-SMN protein. To verify this hypothesis, the DNA samples of 69 SMA patients who were referred to the Human Genome Center, USM were extracted from their blood. The SMN1 deletion analysis was performed, followed by the SMN2 copy no. analysis and NAIP deletion analysis to remove any clinical bias as NAIP gene deletion and SMN2 copy number have been reported to be associated with SMA disease severity. Only 10 SMA patients from different clinical types (type I=2, type II=3, type III=5) with homozygous deletion of the SMN1 and 2 copies of the SMN2 and deletion in NAIP were finally recruited. Primers were designed for the amplification of the SMN2 promoter region. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the crucial transcription factor binding sites within the reported ~4.6 kb promoter region. As the core promoter region is still unknown (unreported), we analyzed 15 ORFs and 24 nested ORFs with 15 TATA boxes reflecting the diverse functional integrity of this region. The promoter prediction and core promoter prediction was also performed. Based on the bioinformatics analysis and the designed primers, PCR amplification was done for different regions in the promoter and the PCR products were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. The results were analyzed by Vector NTI suite 9, ClustalX and Gene Doc softwares. The molecular analysis confirmed the absence of any mutation in the promoter region of the SMN2 gene between normal healthy individuals (total 2) and SMA patients. In 4 patients and 1 normal healthy individual the CA repeats were found to be increased which we think cause no effect in disease progression and severity. In conclusion, there was no mutation found in the promoter region of the SMN2 gene among the SMA patients of different clinical types and normal controls. Further analysis involving the cloning of the promoter regions with highest probability of involvement in expression of the SMN2 gene using luciferase assay is ongoing. The results will be useful for the subsequent phase of the study involving the transcription initiation of the SMN2 gene

Low-loss highly tolerant flip-chip couplers for hybrid integration of Si3N4 and polymer waveguides

In this letter, low-loss and highly fabrication-tolerant flip-chip bonded vertical couplers under single-mode condition are demonstrated for the integration of a polymer waveguide chip onto the Si3N4/SiO2 passive platform. The passively aligned vertical couplers have a lateral misalignment between polymer and Si3N4 waveguide cores of ±1.25 μm. Low-loss operation has been experimentally demonstrated over a wide spectral window of 1480-1560 nm, with measured coupler losses below 0.8 dB for Si3N4 taper angles below 1.2°, in good agreement with the calculated values. Furthermore, thermal shock test results show less than 0.1 dB degradation, indicating a robust coupling performance

Smoking a dangerous addiction: A systematic review on an underrated risk factor for oral diseases

Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking acts as a source for a variety of oral and systemic diseases. Various periodontal issues such as increased pocket depth, loss of alveolar bone, tooth mobility, oral lesions, ulcerations, halitosis, and stained teeth are more common among smokers. This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines from PRISMA, and research articles were retrieved from the Web database sources on 31 May 2021. The quality of research articles was ensured by the type of evidence from combined schema incorporating as schema-13 evidence type description, Cochrane health promotion and public health field (CHPPHF), and the health gains notation framework-14 screening question for quality assessment of qualitative and quantitative studies. Smokers have been found to have bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss compared to nonsmokers. Oral and respiratory cancers are among the most lethal known diseases caused by cigarette smoking and other commonly occurring sequelae such as stained teeth, periodontal diseases, etc

Spin-Imbalance in a One-Dimensional Fermi Gas

Superconductivity and magnetism generally do not coexist. Changing the relative number of up and down spin electrons disrupts the basic mechanism of superconductivity, where atoms of opposite momentum and spin form Cooper pairs. Nearly forty years ago Fulde and Ferrell and Larkin and Ovchinnikov proposed an exotic pairing mechanism (FFLO) where magnetism is accommodated by formation of pairs with finite momentum. Despite intense theoretical and experimental efforts, however, polarized superconductivity remains largely elusive. Here we report experimental measurements of density profiles of a two spin mixture of ultracold 6Li atoms trapped in an array of one dimensional (1D) tubes, a system analogous to electrons in 1D wires. At finite spin imbalance, the system phase separates with an inverted phase profile in comparison to the three-dimensional case. In 1D we find a partially polarized core surrounded by wings composed of either a completely paired BCS superfluid or a fully polarized Fermi gas, depending on the degree of polarization. Our observations are in quantitative agreement with theoretical calculations in which the partially polarized phase is found to be a 1D analogue of the FFLO state. This study demonstrates how ultracold atomic gases in 1D may be used to create non-trivial new phases of matter, and also paves the way for direct observation and further study of the FFLO phase.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure

Pressure Dependence of Born Effective Charges, Dielectric Constant and Lattice Dynamics in SiC

The pressure dependence of the Born effective charge, dielectric constant and zone-center LO and TO phonons have been determined for $3C$-SiC by a linear response method based on the linearized augmented plane wave calculations within the local density approximation. The Born effective charges are found to increase nearly linearly with decreasing volume down to the smallest volume studied, $V/V_0=0.78$, corresponding to a pressure of about 0.8 Mbar. This seems to be in contradiction with the conclusion of the turnover behavior recently reported by Liu and Vohra [Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.\ {\bf 72}, 4105 (1994)] for $6H$-SiC. Reanalyzing their procedure to extract the pressure dependence of the Born effective charges, we suggest that the turnover behavior they obtained is due to approximations in the assumed pressure dependence of the dielectric constant $\varepsilon_\infty$, the use of a singular set of experimental data for the equation of state, and the uncertainty in measured phonon frequencies, especially at high pressure.Comment: 25 pages, revtex, 5 postscript figures appended, to be published in Phys. Rev.