The influence of menopause on urinary incontinence in the women of the community: a cross-sectional study from North India

Background: Urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine that is a social or hygienic problem.  Worldwide, over 200 million people are living with urinary incontinence and as the life expectancy of women is increasing, more number of women are bound to suffer from it. The aim of the present study is to find out the effect of menopause on the occurrence of Urinary Incontinence in women and to find out risk factors in post-menopausal women associated with Urinary Incontinence.Methods: It was a community based cross-sectional study involving post-menopausal women living in the urban and rural areas registered under Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh, India. A total of 530 women were taken for this study. Descriptive statistics as well as simple proportion were calculated with SPSS 20.0. Tests of significance and Binary Logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.Results: Significant differences were found in the association of Urinary Incontinence with increasing age groups and consequent years spent in menopause, rural area of residence, illiteracy, lower socio-economic class, inadequate housing standards, obesity, smoking, parity, history of hysterectomy, and co-morbidities such as Urinary Tract Infection and Pelvic organ prolapse.Conclusions: From a public health perspective, there is considerable opportunity to improve women's quality of life by increasing health education about urinary incontinence and its treatment by taking steps for life style modifications

Disseminated cysticercosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient of fracture shaft of femur

Cysticercosis is caused by the larval form of Taenia solium tape worm, cysticercus cellulose. The life cycle of T. solium consists of 2 host, the definite host is a man who harbours the adult forms of the worm in the intestine, while the intermediate host is the pig, where the larval form (cysticercus cellulose) is found in the skeletal muscle. Cysticercosis develops when human beings incidentally become the intermediate host and the eggs mature within their small intestine. The route of entry of the eggs into the human intestine may occur through autoinfection or by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Further, these eggs develop into the larval form which spread throughout the intestinal wall and are disseminated by the blood stream to brain, muscles, subcutaneous tissues or any other organ. Until now, only 50 cases of disseminated forms have been reported in the literature, with the majority of the cases being from Indian subcontinent. Regarding the clinical presentations, symptoms usually depend on the location, size and number of cysts in the involved lesion. However, it may present occasionally with dementia, muscular hypertrophy or subcutaneous nodules with relative absence of focal neurological signs or raised intracranial pressure. We, here, report a case of disseminated cysticercosis, detected incidentally in a man aged 52 years who presented with an open fracture of the right femur

The hidden burden of Urinary Incontinence: A Community based study

Abstract Urinary Incontinence is one of the common health problems associated with ageing. Alhough it is not a common cause of mortality, it causes huge discomfort to the suffering person. As there is under-reporting of cases, it is largely a hidden entity in the community. The present study was designed as a community based research aimed at finding out the burden of UI in the ageing female population. The present study was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in the registered field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, J. N. Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh from June, 2012 to May, 2013. A total of 530 post-menopausal women were approached with pre-tested and pre-structured proforma. The mean age of the study population was 58.14 ± 8.45 years. The observed prevalence of urinary incontinence was study was 41.3%. Stress incontinence was common in younger women, with the maximum prevalence in the age group 46-50 years (7.7%). Urinary incontinence was found to be significantly associated with obstetric factors like increasing parity and vaginal mode of delivery and non-obstetric factors like increasing BMI, central (abdominal) obesity, smoking and standard of living

Retiform hemangioendothelioma of the gluteal region: A case report

Retiform hemangioendothelioma is a locally aggressive, rarely metastasizing, low-grade angiosarcoma characterized by intercommunicating vascular channels lined by hobnail or cuboidal endothelial cells, flanked by lymphocyte and hyaline sclerosis. Neoplastic endothelial cells usually express von Willebrand factor, CD31 and CD34, while the lymphocytic infiltrate shows a mixture of CD3+, T and CD20+ B cells. The authors describe a case of a 76-year-old female who presented with a soft, painless, ill-defined mass measuring 9 cm in her right gluteal region for the past 15 years, clinically suggestive of a lipoma. There was no regional lymphadenopathy. The mass was resected and sent for histopathological examination. The slow-growing lesion and the typical histomorphology led to the diagnosis of retiform hemangioendothelioma. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using CD34 antibody, which strongly stained the endothelial cells. The patient was followed up for 6 months after the surgery and no recurrence was noted

Trichogranuloma of the external auditory canal mimicking aural polyp: A rare case report

We report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented to us with complaints of decreased hearing, ear discharge, and fullness in the right ear for last 2 months. Examination revealed a swelling of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm in the inferior part of the external acoustic canal, tympanic membrane was found to be normal. Patient was advised antibiotic and steroids ear drops after making a provisional diagnosis of aural polyp. Surgical excision of the swelling was done when conservative treatment was unsuccessful. The excised polyp was sent for histopathological examination which revealed presence of foreign body giant cells and mixed inflammatory infiltrate around the fragments of hair shafts which confirmed the diagnosis of trichogranuloma in the external auditory canal. Owing to the rarity of such location of trichogranuloma, this case is being reported here

Atypical Proliferating Clear Cell Adenofibroma of the Ovary: A Case Report

Clear cell adenofibromas of borderline malignancy are extremely rare tumors of theovaries. They may be associated with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas which typically present as large adnexal masses and are generally considered highly malignant. We describe the case of a postmenopausal female with an ovarian mass diagnosed as atypical (borderline) proliferating clear cell adenofibroma. The patient is alive and wellwithout signs of recurrence three years after surgery

ISSN 2141-6532 ©2011 Academic Journals

Mixed medullary and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid – A rare entit