27 research outputs found
Principles of mRNA transport in yeast
mRNA localization and localized translation is a common mechanism by which cellular asymmetry is achieved. In higher eukaryotes the mRNA transport machinery is required for such diverse processes as stem cell division and neuronal plasticity. Because mRNA localization in metazoans is highly complex, studies at the molecular level have proven to be cumbersome. However, active mRNA transport has also been reported in fungi including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ustilago maydis and Candida albicans, in which these events are less difficult to study. Amongst them, budding yeast S. cerevisiae has yielded mechanistic insights that exceed our understanding of other mRNA localization events to date. In contrast to most reviews, we refrain here from summarizing mRNA localization events from different organisms. Instead we give an in-depth account of ASH1 mRNA localization in budding yeast. This approach is particularly suited to providing a more holistic view of the interconnection between the individual steps of mRNA localization, from transcriptional events to cytoplasmic mRNA transport and localized translation. Because of our advanced mechanistic understanding of mRNA localization in yeast, the present review may also be informative for scientists working, for example, on mRNA localization in embryogenesis or in neurons
Le discours NWOW et ses logiques interprétatives: Sens, critique et subjectivité dans les "nouvelles formes d'organisation du travail"
Le monde du travail connaĂźt des changements significatifs du fait de lâintroduction des « new ways of working » (NWOW, ou « nouvelles formes dâorganisation du travail », NFOT). Cette Ă©tude vise Ă Ă©lucider la maniĂšre dont les employé·es « de bureau » donnent sens aux NWOW. Nous emprutons le concept de logique Ă la thĂ©orie post-structuraliste du discours (Laclau et ali., 1985) selon laquelle une logique structure la maniĂšre dont on articule des Ă©lĂ©ments sĂ©miotiques entre eux. Nous nous appuyons en particulier sur lâĂ©laboration du concept de logique par Glynos et ali. (2007). Nos questions de recherche sont : Quelles sont les logiques qui structurent le discours NWOW articulĂ© par les employé·es de bureau ? De quelle maniĂšre ces logiques peuvent-elles donner des points dâappui Ă la critique de certains aspects des NWOW ? En quoi les logiques du discours NWOW informent-elles la subjectivitĂ© des employé·es ? Notre corpus consiste en des retranscriptions dâentretiens avec 29 employé·es dans huit organisations privĂ©es ou publiques belges de diffĂ©rentes tailles et de diffĂ©rents secteurs. Lâanalyse des entretiens met au jour les logiques interprĂ©tatives suivantes : une logique nĂ©olibĂ©rale (avec son emphase sur le management par rĂ©sultats et le management de soi), une logique humanisante (avec son accent sur le bien-ĂȘtre au travail), une logique expressive/consultative, une logique participative (qui valorise la co-dĂ©cision) appliquĂ©e au niveau de lâĂ©quipe, une logique pseudo-participative, une logique dâautoritĂ©, et une logique de service public de qualitĂ©. Les employé·es recourent Ă certaines de ces logiques pour sâengager dans une critique gĂ©nĂ©ralement limitĂ©e du NWOW et lĂ©gitimer des micro-rĂ©sistances. La critique est rarement synonyme dâopposition aux NWOW et Ă leur raison dâĂȘtre. Enfin, nous montrons comment le discours NWOW cĂ©lĂ©bratoire informe la subjectivitĂ© des employé·es en construisant une opposition binaire entre un·e employé·e « idĂ©al·e » et son contraire.The world of work has undergone a series of significant changes as a consequence of the introduction of so-called « new ways of working » (NWOW). This study aims to clarify the ways in which office workers make sense of NWOW. We borrow the concept of logic from poststructuralist discourse theory (Laclau et ali., 1985) according which a logic structures the way people articulate semiotic elements with each other. We rely especially on the concept of logic as elaborated by Glynos et ali. (2007). Our research questions are the following: What logics structure the NWOW discourse (re)articulated by office workers ? To what extent do these logics offer support for particular modes of critique with respect to NWOW ? In what ways do the logics of NWOW discourse inform the subjectivity of office workers? Our corpus is based on 29 transcripts of interviews conducted with employees working in Belgian private and public organisations of different sizes active in a variety of sectors. The analysis of these interview data allowed us to identify the following interpretive logics: a neoliberal logic (with an emphasis on a management by results and a management of the self), a humanizing logic (with an emphasis on wellbeing at work), an expressive/consultative logic, a team-oriented participatory logic (valuing collective decision-making), a pseudo-participatory logic, an authoritative logic, and a logic of qualitative public service. Employees rely on some of these logics in order to articulate a limited form of critique that can inform micro-resistances to NWOW programs. Critique only rarely amounts to an outright opposition to NWOW or to a questioning of its raison dâĂȘtre. In our analysis, we show how celebratory NWOW discourse informs the subjectivities of employees through the construction of a binary opposition between ideal-typical NWOW workers and their opposites