XPS characterization of (copper-based) coloured stains formed on limestone surfaces of outdoor Roman monuments

Limestone basements holding bronzes or other copper alloys artefacts such as sculptures, decorations and dedicatory inscriptions are frequently met both in modern and ancient monuments. In outdoor conditions, such a combination implies the corrosion products of the copper based alloy, directly exposed to rainwater, will be drained off and migrate through the porous surfaces, forming stains of different colours and intensities, finally causing the limestone structures to deteriorate

Il restauro della pietra

Tradotto in lingua francese ed edito dalla ERG, Maurecourt

La restauration de la pierre

Trad. francese (a cura di J.Philippon) del libro di cui all\u2019ed. italiana CEDAM, Padova, 1986, ERG, Maurecour

CD-ROM on the conservation of the Nile Valley Monuments /Cd-Rom sulla conservazione dei monumenti della Valle del Nilo

L'obiettivo di questo articolo è far conoscere uno dei primi esempi dell'applicazione della tecnologia CD-ROM nel campo della conservazione del patrimonio culturale. Questo prodotto informatico, elaborato dall'ICCROM, in lingua inglese, è intitolato "The Safeguard of the Nile Valley Monuments, as seen through ICCROM's Archives".The main objective of this article is to demonstrate how one of the first examples of CD-ROM technology can be applied to the filed of conservation of the cultural heritage. This product, elaborated by ICCROM is entitled "The Safeguard of the Nile Valley Monuments, as seen through ICCROM's Archives"

Caratteristiche chimico-petrografiche di intonaci veneziani del XIV-XX secolo.

1 Tav. col. f.t

Chromatic ‘Alterations’ on Stone Surfaces in Contact with Bronze or Copper Monuments: Spectroscopic Characterization and Statistic Analyses

The chromatic alterations visible on surfaces of monuments, induced by coexistence of stone and metallic components, are indicative of damages, which are essentially aesthetic, but also require the cleaning procedures to be carefully studied in order to avoid any further damage to the physicalchemical and structural properties of the surface of monuments themselves. Within a research programme devoted to optimise analytical procedures for the removal of stains on travertine basements of bronze monuments, it has been shown how the chemical state of copper influences the efficiency of cleaning. Not withstanding the clear evidence of the stains, that were also analysed by colorimetric methods, their analytical characterization has turned to be hard, the low concentration of the compounds responsible of the discoloration being at the limits of detection of the most common diagnostic means. Here the investigation on three different typologies of Roman monuments is reported, using a multi-techniques approach: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Micro Analysis (EDS) combined with PCA-data elaboration, Micro Raman, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The last two resulted the most suitable spectroscopic techniques

SEM/EDS analysis of incrustations coming from the "Fontana delle Tartarughe" (Turtles Fountain) located in Rome, Italy”

In the present study we tested and analysed the incrustations that were covering, before the recent restoration works, the whole surface of the “Fontana delle Tartarughe”, located in Piazza Mattei in Rome. Visual observation and "in situ" colorimetric analysis showed that the incrustations, produced by both the fountain and rain water, had a green/grey colour with some grey-brown veins, due to corrosion products generated by the interaction of the fountain bronze statues with the environment. The "in situ" X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed the presence of copper but, due to its very low content in the calcite matrix, and the different nature of the copper products in the incrustation samples, it was impossible to obtain further information on its speciation state neither by X-ray diffraction (XRD) nor by simple stoichiometric elaboration of the data coming from Scanning Electron Microscope with X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of data was tried to cross-check the obtained results

Chromatic 'Alterations' on Stone Surfaces in Contact with Bronze or Copper Monuments: Spectroscopic Characterization and Statistic Analyses

Abstract The chromatic alterations visible on surfaces of monuments, induced by coexistence of stone and metallic components, are indicative of damages, which are essentially aesthetic, but also require the cleaning procedures to be carefully studied in order to avoid any further damage to the physicalchemical and structural properties of the surface of monuments themselves. Within a research programme devoted to optimise analytical procedures for the removal of stains on travertine basements of bronze monuments, it has been shown how the chemical state of copper influences the efficiency of cleaning. Not withstanding the clear evidence of the stains, that were also analysed by colorimetric methods, their analytical characterization has turned to be hard, the low concentration of the compounds responsible of the discoloration being at the limits of detection of the most common diagnostic means. Here the investigation on three different typologies of Roman monuments is reported, using a multi-techniques approach: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Micro Analysis (EDS) combined with PCA-data elaboration, Micro Raman, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The last two resulted the most suitable spectroscopic techniques