Comunicación corta. Efecto del momento de la recolección sobre la producción y la calidad del forraje en genotipos de colza y nabo

The effects of two different harvest stages (full flowering and full podding) on forage yield and quality of ten forage rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) and three turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) cultivars were evaluated under rainfed conditions in a Mediterranean type climate at Bursa, Turkey, during the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons. Plant height, branches per plant, leaf length and width, plant part components, and dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield were measured. Significant differences were observed for the main effects cultivar and harvest stage on DM and protein yields. The CP content of the whole plant and vegetative parts of the Brassica genotypes decreased as plant maturity progressed. In general, turnip cultivars showed better performance in DM yield. Fall sown turnip produced 9.10 and 12.1 Mg/ha DM yield, with 15.1 and 9.10% CP concentrations, at full flowering and at podding stage, respectively. Significant differences were noted among cultivars for these two parameters. Protein content decreased dramatically in stem parts when maturity advanced from full flower to full pod stages. High leaf percentage and high protein content at full flowering suggest that this should be the preferred forage harvest stage for rape and turnip cultivars.Se evaluaron los efectos de dos momentos diferentes de la recolección (en flor o vaina completada) sobre la producción y calidad del forraje en 10 cultivares forrajeros de nabo (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) y tres de colza (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) en Bursa, Turquía, una zona de clima mediterráneo con precipitaciones, durante las campañas 2002/2003 y 2003/2004. Se midió la altura de las plantas, ramas por planta, longitud y anchura de hoja, componentes de partes de las plantas, y producción de materia seca (MS) y proteínas crudas (PC). Se observaros diferencias significativas para los principales efectos cultivar y momento de la recolección sobre el rendimiento en MS y PC. El contenido en PC de la planta completa y partes vegetativas de los genotipos de Brassica estudiados disminuyeron al avanzar la maduración de la planta. En general, los cultivares de nabo dieron mejor producción de MS. Nabos sembrados en otoño produjeron 9,10 y 12,1 Mg/ha de MS, con concentraciones de PC de 15,1 y 9,10%, en los momentos de flor o vaina completas, respectivamente. Para estos dos parámetros se observaron diferencias significativas entre cultivares. El contenido en proteínas disminuyó dramáticamente en partes del tallo cuando la planta pasó del estado de flor completa a vaina completa. La detección de un alto porcentaje de hojas y de contenido en proteínas en cultivares de colza y nabo en el estadío de flores completas sugieren que éste debe ser el momento preferido para la recolección

Harvest stage effects on forage yield and quality for rape and turnip genotypes

The effects of two different harvest stages (full flowering and full podding) on forage yield and quality of ten forage rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) and three turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) cultivars were evaluated under rainfed conditions in a Mediterranean type climate at Bursa, Turkey, during the 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons. Plant height, branches per plant, leaf length and width, plant part components, and dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield were measured. Significant differences were observed for the main effects cultivar and harvest stage on DM and protein yields. The CP content of the whole plant and vegetative parts of the Brassica genotypes decreased as plant maturity progressed. In general, turnip cultivars showed better performance in DM yield. Fall sown turnip produced 9.10 and 12.1 Mg ha¿1 DM yield, with 15.1 and 9.10% CP concentrations, at full flowering and at podding stage, respectively. Significant differences were noted among cultivars for these two parameters. Protein content decreased dramatically in stem parts when maturity advanced from full flower to full pod stages. High leaf percentage and high protein content at full flowering suggest that this should be the preferred forage harvest stage for rape and turnip cultivarsSe evaluaron los efectos de dos momentos diferentes de la recolección (en flor o vaina completada) sobre la producción y calidad del forraje en 10 cultivares forrajeros de nabo (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) y tres de colza (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) en Bursa, Turquía, una zona de clima mediterráneo con precipitaciones, durante las campañas 2002/2003 y 2003/2004. Se midió la altura de las plantas, ramas por planta, longitud y anchura de hoja, componentes de partes de las plantas, y producción de materia seca (MS) y proteínas crudas (PC). Se observaros diferencias significativas para los principales efectos cultivar y momento de la recolección sobre el rendimiento en MS y PC. El contenido en PC de la planta completa y partes vegetativas de los genotipos de Brassica estudiados disminuyeron al avanzar la maduración de la planta. En general, los cultivares de nabo dieron mejor producción de MS. Nabos sembrados en otoño produjeron 9,10 y 12,1 Mg ha¿1 de MS, con concentraciones de PC de 15,1 y 9,10%, en los momentos de flor o vaina completas, respectivamente. Para estos dos parámetros se observaron diferencias significativas entre cultivares. El contenido en proteínas disminuyó dramáticamente en partes del tallo cuando la planta pasó del estado de flor completa a vaina completa. La detección de un alto porcentaje de hojas y de contenido en proteínas en cultivares de colza y nabo en el estadío de flores completas sugieren que éste debe ser el momento preferido para la recolección

Forage yield and lodging traits in peas (Pisum sativum L.) with different leaf types

Two semi-leafless and four leafed pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated for plant height, lodging scores, and forage yield in eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean or Mediterranean-type climate in the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. The genotypes used in this study were forage type with indeterminate growing habit. Significant differences among pea genotypes were found for all traits over years and locations. All interactions which related to G × E interaction showed significance (P>0.01) for all traits. The forage yield of the pea genotypes averaged 26605 kg ha-1 and the highest yield was obtained from the leafed genotype Urunlu. Its forage yield reached to 35970 kg ha-1 yield level at Samsun location

GGE biplot analysis of genotype × environment interaction in soybean grown as a second crop

2-s2.0-85078119648The study was aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of the soybean genotypes based on the seed yield and the other observed characteristics in the sites cultivated second crop soybean of Turkey which have Mediterranean climate conditions using the GGE biplot analysis method. The experiments were performed under irrigated conditions in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in four different locations (Adana, Antalya, Izmir and Sanliurfa) of Turkey. Fourteen soybean genotypes consisting of 10 advanced soybean lines and four standard varieties were analyzed by a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant (P<0.01) effects for all sources of variation (environment, genotype, and G×E interaction) for the seed yield and yield components. Genotype and environment accounted for about 2.59% and 51.04% of the total variation for seed yield, respectively, while the GE interaction explained 20.84% of the total variation. According to the GGE principle, five mega-environments were formed in the present study. Results of the research revealed that genotypes G8 (KANA), G9 (KASM 02), G11 (ARISOY), G3 (BATEM 306), G1 (BATEM 207) and G12 (ATAEM 7) were found as stable. According to GGE Biplot analysis for all traits and genotypes, G4 (BATEM 317) had the largest values for plant height, first pod height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and seed yield. © 2019, Society of Field Crops Science. All rights reserved.113O082 Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik AraÅŸtirma Kurumu, TÃœBITAKThis research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project number 113O082). The authors thank TUBITAK for their financial support

How much does the presence of a competitor modify the within-canopy distribution of ozone-induced senescence and visible injury?

Many natural vegetation species have been shown to be negatively affected by ozone. This study has investigated how the presence of competing species in a community affects two common responses to ozone: visible injury and senescence. Monocultures and mixtures of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne were grown in large containers and were exposed in solardomes to either a rural episodic ozone profile (AOT40 of 12.86 ppm h) or control conditions (AOT40 of 0.02 ppm h) for 12 weeks. The proportion of ozone-injured or senesced leaves was different in the different regions of the canopy. The highest proportions of injured/senesced leaves were in the plant material growing at the edge of the canopy and the upper canopy, with a significantly lower proportion of injured leaves in the inner canopy. The presence of L. perenne increased the proportion of ozone-injured leaves in T. repens at the final harvest, whilst the presence of T. repens decreased the proportion of senesced leaves in L. perenne. In L. perenne, the proportion of injured leaves at the edge and inner canopy decreased significantly when grown in competition, whilst for T. repens the reverse effect occurred in the inner canopy only. Different mechanisms appeared to influence the interaction between response to ozone and competitors in these two species. In L. perenne the response to ozone may have been related to nitrogen supply, whereas in T. repens canopy structure was more important

Forage yield and lodging traits in peas (Pisum sativum L.) with different leaf types

Two semi-leafless and four leafed pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated for plant height, lodging scores, and forage yield in eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean or Mediterranean-type climate in the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. The genotypes used in this study were forage type with indeterminate growing habit. Significant differences among pea genotypes were found for all traits over years and locations. All interactions which related to G × E interaction showed significance (P&gt;0.01) for all traits. The forage yield of the pea genotypes averaged 26605 kg ha-1 and the highest yield was obtained from the leafed genotype Urunlu. Its forage yield reached to 35970 kg ha-1 yield level at Samsun location