Quantum Error Correcting Codes Using Qudit Graph States

Graph states are generalized from qubits to collections of $n$ qudits of arbitrary dimension $D$, and simple graphical methods are used to construct both additive and nonadditive quantum error correcting codes. Codes of distance 2 saturating the quantum Singleton bound for arbitrarily large $n$ and $D$ are constructed using simple graphs, except when $n$ is odd and $D$ is even. Computer searches have produced a number of codes with distances 3 and 4, some previously known and some new. The concept of a stabilizer is extended to general $D$, and shown to provide a dual representation of an additive graph code.Comment: Version 4 is almost exactly the same as the published version in Phys. Rev.

Mitochondrial cyclophilin-D as a critical mediator of ischaemic preconditioning

It has been suggested that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), Akt and Erk1/2 and more recently the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) may act as mediators of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), although the actual interplay between these mediators is unclear. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the cyclophilin-D (CYPD) component of the mPTP is required by IPC to generate mitochondrial ROS and subsequently activate Akt and Erk1/2.Mice lacking CYPD (CYPD-/-) and B6Sv129 wild-type (WT) mice were used throughout. We have demonstrated that under basal conditions, non-pathological mPTP opening occurs (indicated by the percent reduction in mitochondrial calcein fluorescence). This effect was greater in WT cardiomyocytes compared with CYPD-/- ones (53 +/- 2% WT vs. 17 +/- 3% CYPD-/-; P < 0.01) and was augmented by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) (70 +/- 9% WT vs. 56 +/- 1% CYPD-/-; P < 0.01). HPC reduced cell death following simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury in WT (23.2 +/- 3.5% HPC vs. 43.7 +/- 3.2% WT; P < 0.05) but not CYPD-/- cardiomyocytes (19.6 +/- 1.4% HPC vs. 24.4 +/- 2.6% control; P > 0.05). HPC generated mitochondrial ROS in WT (four-fold increase; P < 0.05) but not CYPD-/- cardiomyocytes. HPC induced significant Akt phosphorylation in WT cardiomyocytes (two-fold increase; P < 0.05), an effect which was abrogated by ciclosporin-A (a CYPD inhibitor) and N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (a ROS scavenger). Finally, in vivo IPC of adult murine hearts resulted in significant phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in WT but not CYPD-/- hearts.The CYPD component of the mPTP is required by IPC to generate mitochondrial ROS and phosphorylate Akt and Erk1/2, major steps in the IPC signalling pathway

Author Correction: Changes in Distribution of Dry Eye Disease by the New 2016 Diagnostic Criteria from the Asia Dry Eye Society.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper

Preparing athletes and teams for the Olympic Games: experiences and lessons learned from the world's best sport psychologists

As part of an increased effort to understand the most effective ways to psychologically prepare athletes and teams for Olympic competition, a number of sport psychology consultants have offered best-practice insights into working in this context. These individual reports have typically comprised anecdotal reflections of working with particular sports or countries; therefore, a more holistic approach is needed so that developing practitioners can have access to - and utilise - a comprehensive evidence-base. The purpose of this paper is to provide a panel-type article, which offers lessons and advice for the next generation of aspiring practitioners on preparing athletes and teams for the Olympic Games from some of the world’s most recognised and experienced sport psychologists. The sample comprised 15 sport psychology practitioners who, collectively, have accumulated over 200 years of first-hand experience preparing athletes and/or teams from a range of nations for six summer and five winter Olympic Games. Interviews with the participants revealed 28 main themes and 5 categories: Olympic stressors, success and failure lessons, top tips for neophyte practitioners, differences within one’s own consulting work, and multidisciplinary consulting. It is hoped that the findings of this study can help the next generation of sport psychologists better face the realities of Olympic consultancy and plan their own professional development so that, ultimately, their aspirations to be the world’s best can become a reality

Is FS Tau B Driving an Asymmetric Jet?

FS Tau B is one of the few T Tauri stars that possess a jet and a counterjet as well as an optically-visible cavity wall. We obtained images and spectra of its jet-cavity system in the near-infrared H and K bands using Subaru/IRCS and detected the jet and the counterjet in the [Fe II] 1.644 \mu m line for the first time. Within the inner 2" the blueshifted jet is brighter, whereas beyond ~ 5" the redshifted counterjet dominates the [Fe II] emission. The innermost blueshifted knot is spectrally resolved to have a large line width of ~ 110 km/s, while the innermost redshifted knot appears spectrally unresolved. The velocity ratio of the jet to the counterjet is ~ 1.34, which suggests that FS Tau B is driving an asymmetric jet, similar to those found in several T Tauri Stars. Combining with optical observations in the literature, we showed that the blueshifted jet has lower density and higher excitation than the redshifted counterjet. We suggest that the asymmetry in brightness and velocity is the manifestation of a bipolar outflow driving at different mass-loss rates, while maintaining balance of linear momentum. A full explanation to the asymmetry in the FS Tau B system awaits detail modeling and further investigation of the kinematic structure of the wind-associated cavity walls.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ. Aspect ratio changes for Fig.1

Multi-user video streaming using unequal error protection network coding in wireless networks

In this paper, we investigate a multi-user video streaming system applying unequal error protection (UEP) network coding (NC) for simultaneous real-time exchange of scalable video streams among multiple users. We focus on a simple wireless scenario where users exchange encoded data packets over a common central network node (e.g., a base station or an access point) that aims to capture the fundamental system behaviour. Our goal is to present analytical tools that provide both the decoding probability analysis and the expected delay guarantees for different importance layers of scalable video streams. Using the proposed tools, we offer a simple framework for design and analysis of UEP NC based multi-user video streaming systems and provide examples of system design for video conferencing scenario in broadband wireless cellular networks

Deletion of DOCK2, a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in lymphocytes, suppresses cardiac allograft rejection

Allograft rejection is induced by graft tissue infiltration of alloreactive T cells that are activated mainly in secondary lymphoid organs of the host. DOCK2 plays a critical role in lymphocyte homing and immunological synapse formation by regulating the actin cytoskeleton, yet its role in the in vivo immune response remains unknown. We show here that DOCK2 deficiency enables long-term survival of cardiac allografts across a complete mismatch of the major histocompatibility complex molecules. In DOCK2-deficient mice, alloreactivity and allocytotoxicity were suppressed significantly even after in vivo priming with alloantigens, which resulted in reduced intragraft expression of effector molecules, such as interferon-γ, granzyme B, and perforin. This is mediated, at least in part, by preventing potentially alloreactive T cells from recruiting into secondary lymphoid organs. In addition, we found that DOCK2 is critical for CD28-mediated Rac activation and is required for the full activation of alloreactive T cells. Although DOCK2-deficient, alloreactive T cells were activated in vitro in the presence of exogenous interleukin-2, these T cells, when transferred adoptively, failed to infiltrate into the allografts that were transplanted into RAG1-deficient mice. Thus, DOCK2 deficiency attenuates allograft rejection by simultaneously suppressing multiple and key processes. We propose that DOCK2 could be a novel molecular target for controlling transplant rejection

Biophysics - Quantum path to photosynthesis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62904/1/446740a.pd

The shortest cut in brane cosmology

We consider brane cosmology studying the shortest null path on the brane for photons, and in the bulk for gravitons. We derive the differential equation for the shortest path in the bulk for a 1+4 cosmological metric. The time cost and the redshifts for photons and gravitons after traveling their respective path are compared. We consider some numerical solutions of the shortest path equation, and show that there is no shortest path in the bulk for the Randall-Sundrum vacuum brane solution, the linear cosmological solution of Bin\'etruy, et al for $\omega = -1, -{2/3}$, and for some expanding brane universes.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

Hyper-luminous Dust Obscured Galaxies discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru and WISE

We present the photometric properties of a sample of infrared (IR) bright dust obscured galaxies (DOGs). Combining wide and deep optical images obtained with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope and all-sky mid-IR (MIR) images taken with Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we discovered 48 DOGs with $i - K_\mathrm{s} > 1.2$ and $i - [22] > 7.0$, where $i$, $K_\mathrm{s}$, and [22] represent AB magnitude in the $i$-band, $K_\mathrm{s}$-band, and 22 $\mu$m, respectively, in the GAMA 14hr field ($\sim$ 9 deg$^2$). Among these objects, 31 ($\sim$ 65 %) show power-law spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the near-IR (NIR) and MIR regime, while the remainder show a NIR bump in their SEDs. Assuming that the redshift distribution for our DOGs sample is Gaussian, with mean and sigma $z$ = 1.99 $\pm$ 0.45, we calculated their total IR luminosity using an empirical relation between 22 $\mu$m luminosity and total IR luminosity. The average value of the total IR luminosity is (3.5 $\pm$ 1.1) $\times$ $10^{13}$ L$_{\odot}$, which classifies them as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). We also derived the total IR luminosity function (LF) and IR luminosity density (LD) for a flux-limited subsample of 18 DOGs with 22 $\mu$m flux greater than 3.0 mJy and with $i$-band magnitude brighter than 24 AB magnitude. The derived space density for this subsample is log $\phi$ = -6.59 $\pm$ 0.11 [Mpc$^{-3}$]. The IR LF for DOGs including data obtained from the literature is well fitted by a double-power law. The derived lower limit for the IR LD for our sample is $\rho_{\mathrm{IR}}$ $\sim$ 3.8 $\times$ 10$^7$ [L$_{\odot}$ Mpc$^{-3}$] and its contributions to the total IR LD, IR LD of all ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), and that of all DOGs are $>$ 3 %, $>$ 9 %, and $>$ 15 %, respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, and 3 tables, accepted for publication in PASJ (Subaru special issue