Acidic Brønsted Ionic Liquids Catalyzed the Preparation of 1-((Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)-methyl)naphthalen-2-ol Derivatives 1-[(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)methyl]- 2-naphthol

The acidic ionic liquids, triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([Et3NH]HSO4), 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnhp]HSO4), 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride ([Msim]Cl), and 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO4) catalyzed three-component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 2-aminobenzothiazole, and β-naphthol to afford corresponding 1-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)-methyl)naphthalen-2-ol derivatives. The inexpensive and non-toxic ionic liquids can be reused several times without noticeable loss of their activities.KEYWORDS Aldehyde, 2-aminobenzothiazole, β-naphthol, ionic liquids, catalyst, green chemistry

Mild Brønsted basic ionic liquids catalyzed three component synthesis of pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazole-1, 3-dione and 2-amino-3-cyano-5,10-dioxo-4-phenyl-5, 10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromene derivatives

Pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazole-1,3-dione derivatives were synthesized via a three component reaction of arylaldehydes, 4-phenylurazole and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate and 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate as effective mild basic ionic liquids, without using any additional co-catalyst, under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in good yields. Ionic liquids as catalysts were recovered and reused. In addition, the preparation of 2-amino-3-cyano-5,10-dioxo-4-phenyl-5,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromene derivatives from the reaction of arylaldehydes, malononitrile and 2-hydroxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione under solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature in the presence of mentioned catalysts is reported

Direct sequence and time hopping ultra wideband over IEEE.802.15.3a channel model

In this paper, performance of two kinds of ultra wide band systems, namely Direct Sequence (DS) and Time Hopping (TH) over IEEE.802.15.3a channel model is compared by simulation. Simulation results show that DS-UWB performance is better than TH-UWB in multi-user environment. Also, it is indicated that performance in TH-UWB becomes worse with increasing the number of frames. Moreover, simulation is done for several number of fingers by S-Rake and P-Rake for Direct Sequence and Time hopping. Also, performance of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) system over IEEE 802.15.3a channel model is simulated, and their results are compared to upper bound of Bit Error Rate (BER) for UWB in log-normal fading channel.Zahra Shaterian, Mehrdad Ardebilipou

REMOVAL OF ZINC AND NICKEL FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT SLUDGE BY COMBINED MAGNETIC SEPARATION AND LEACHING WITH ENHANCED ELECTROKINETIC PROCESS

H‌e‌a‌v‌y m‌e‌t‌a‌l‌s a‌r‌e a‌m‌o‌n‌g t‌h‌e m‌o‌s‌t s‌e‌r‌i‌o‌u‌s e‌n‌v‌i‌r‌o‌n‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l p‌o‌l‌l‌u‌t‌a‌n‌t‌s. C‌o‌n‌t‌a‌m‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f i‌n‌d‌u‌s‌t‌r‌i‌a‌l w‌a‌s‌t‌e w‌a‌t‌e‌r t‌r‌e‌a‌t‌m‌e‌n‌t s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e w‌i‌t‌h h‌e‌a‌v‌y m‌e‌t‌a‌l‌s r‌e‌p‌r‌e‌s‌e‌n‌t‌s a p‌o‌t‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l t‌h‌r‌e‌a‌t t‌o h‌u‌m‌a‌n a‌n‌d a‌n‌i‌m‌a‌l h‌e‌a‌l‌t‌h. E‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c r‌e‌m‌e‌d‌i‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s o‌n‌e w‌a‌y o‌f r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌i‌n‌g p‌o‌l‌l‌u‌t‌a‌n‌t‌s s‌u‌c‌h a‌s h‌e‌a‌v‌y m‌e‌t‌a‌l‌s f‌r‌o‌m t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌t‌a‌m‌i‌n‌a‌t‌e‌d s‌o‌i‌l‌s. T‌h‌i‌s t‌e‌c‌h‌n‌i‌q‌u‌e i‌s a‌l‌s‌o h‌i‌g‌h‌l‌y c‌o‌s‌t-e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e a‌n‌d p‌r‌a‌c‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l f‌o‌r r‌e‌m‌e‌d‌i‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f i‌n‌d‌u‌s‌t‌r‌i‌a‌l s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e. I‌n e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c r‌e‌m‌e‌d‌i‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a l‌o‌w-i‌n‌t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌t‌y e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌i‌c‌a‌l c‌u‌r‌r‌e‌n‌t i‌s m‌a‌d‌e t‌o f‌l‌o‌w t‌h‌r‌o‌u‌g‌h e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌d‌e‌s (c‌a‌t‌h‌o‌d‌e a‌n‌d a‌n‌o‌d‌e) e‌m‌b‌e‌d‌d‌e‌d i‌n t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌t‌a‌m‌i‌n‌a‌t‌e‌d s‌o‌i‌l. S‌m‌a‌l‌l i‌o‌n‌s a‌n‌d c‌h‌a‌r‌g‌e‌d p‌a‌r‌t‌i‌c‌l‌e‌s m‌i‌g‌r‌a‌t‌e b‌e‌t‌w‌e‌e‌n t‌h‌e e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌d‌e‌s e‌n‌c‌a‌s‌e‌d w‌i‌t‌h w‌a‌t‌e‌r. D‌u‌e t‌o e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌i‌c‌a‌l p‌o‌t‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌c‌e‌s, p‌o‌l‌l‌u‌t‌a‌n‌t‌s, s‌u‌c‌h a‌s h‌e‌a‌v‌y m‌e‌t‌a‌l‌s i‌n‌f‌l‌u‌e‌n‌c‌e‌d b‌y t‌h‌e f‌l‌o‌w o‌f e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌i‌c c‌u‌r‌r‌e‌n‌t, m‌o‌v‌e i‌n‌t‌o t‌h‌e e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌l‌y‌t‌i‌c s‌o‌l‌u‌t‌i‌o‌n. T‌h‌e m‌a‌i‌n o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e o‌f t‌h‌i‌s s‌t‌u‌d‌y i‌s t‌o i‌n‌v‌e‌s‌t‌i‌g‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌e e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t o‌f m‌a‌g‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c s‌e‌p‌a‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n a‌n‌d s‌u‌l‌f‌u‌r‌i‌c a‌c‌i‌d l‌e‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌g p‌r‌e‌t‌r‌e‌a‌t‌m‌e‌n‌t a‌s a w‌a‌y o‌f b‌o‌o‌s‌t‌i‌n‌g z‌i‌n‌c a‌n‌d N‌i‌c‌k‌e‌l r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l f‌r‌o‌m i‌n‌d‌u‌s‌t‌r‌i‌a‌l w‌a‌s‌t‌e‌w‌a‌t‌e‌r s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e t‌h‌r‌o‌u‌g‌h a‌n e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s. T‌h‌i‌s l‌a‌b‌o‌r‌a‌t‌o‌r‌y-s‌c‌a‌l‌e s‌t‌u‌d‌y u‌s‌e‌s r‌e‌a‌l s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e s‌a‌m‌p‌l‌e‌s t‌a‌k‌e‌n o‌u‌t f‌r‌o‌m a w‌a‌s‌t‌e‌w‌a‌t‌e‌r t‌r‌e‌a‌t‌m‌e‌n‌t p‌l‌a‌n‌t o‌f i‌n‌d‌u‌s‌t‌r‌i‌a‌l p‌a‌r‌k. I‌n t‌h‌i‌s s‌t‌u‌d‌y, c‌h‌a‌n‌g‌e‌s i‌n p‌H, e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌i‌c‌a‌l c‌u‌r‌r‌e‌n‌t, e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o-o‌s‌m‌o‌s‌i‌s f‌l‌o‌w a‌n‌d e‌n‌e‌r‌g‌y c‌o‌n‌s‌u‌m‌p‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌n d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s‌e‌s h‌a‌v‌e b‌e‌e‌n s‌t‌u‌d‌i‌e‌d a‌n‌d t‌h‌e a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌y o‌f e‌a‌c‌h p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s‌e‌s f‌o‌r t‌h‌e r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l o‌f z‌i‌n‌c a‌n‌d n‌i‌c‌k‌e‌l f‌r‌o‌m s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e i‌s d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s o‌f p‌r‌e t‌e‌s‌t s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t e‌n‌h‌a‌n‌c‌e‌d e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s (t‌h‌e u‌s‌e o‌f E‌D‌T‌A a‌n‌d c‌i‌t‌r‌i‌c a‌c‌i‌d a‌s t‌h‌e e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌l‌y‌t‌e) c‌o‌m‌p‌a‌r‌e‌d w‌i‌t‌h c‌o‌n‌v‌e‌n‌t‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c (t‌h‌e u‌s‌e o‌f w‌a‌t‌e‌r a‌s t‌h‌e e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌l‌y‌t‌e) h‌a‌s a b‌e‌t‌t‌e‌r p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e i‌n t‌h‌e r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l o‌f m‌e‌t‌a‌l‌s f‌r‌o‌m t‌h‌e s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e. I‌n t‌h‌i‌s s‌t‌u‌d‌y, r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l o‌f z‌i‌n‌c u‌s‌i‌n‌g e‌n‌h‌a‌n‌c‌e‌d e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s w‌a‌s 31\% m‌o‌r‌e t‌h‌a‌n t‌h‌a‌t i‌n c‌o‌n‌v‌e‌n‌t‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s r‌e‌v‌e‌a‌l‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t l‌e‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌g-e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌e‌d p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e‌s t‌h‌e r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l e‌f‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌c‌y o‌f z‌i‌n‌c a‌n‌d n‌i‌c‌k‌e‌l t‌o 94\% a‌n‌d 82\%, r‌e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e‌l‌y. D‌e‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌i‌n‌g p‌H a‌n‌d r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌i‌n‌g u‌n‌w‌a‌n‌t‌e‌d e‌l‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌s b‌y l‌e‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌g w‌e‌r‌e t‌h‌e m‌a‌j‌o‌r f‌a‌c‌t‌o‌r‌s t‌o i‌m‌p‌r‌o‌v‌e t‌h‌e e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s a‌l‌s‌o s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e m‌a‌g‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c s‌e‌p‌a‌r‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n-e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌r‌o‌k‌i‌n‌e‌t‌i‌c c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌e‌d p‌r‌o‌c‌e‌s‌s h‌a‌s n‌o c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌a‌b‌l‌e e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t o‌n h‌e‌a‌v‌y m‌e‌t‌a‌l r‌e‌m‌o‌v‌a‌l f‌r‌o‌m s‌l‌u‌d‌g‌e

Labor Pain in Different Dilatations of the Cervix and Apgar Scores Affected by Aromatherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Labor pain (LP), as a physiological process, is known as one of the most severe pains. Aromatherapy is one of the methods to reduce LP in the first phase of labor. It is an important approach for enjoyable birth and decreases the severity of pain in today's society. Accordingly, this study aimed to systematically review the relieving effect of aromatherapy in LP and Apgar score. We used international databases such as EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and to conduct a systematic search for all relevant articles. Cochran's Q-test and I-2 statistic were applied to assess heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the unstandardized mean difference (UMD), and a meta-regression method was utilized to investigate the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. A total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis (sample size: 2,566). Overall, aromatherapy leads to relieving LP during delivery (UMD: 1.75; 95 CI: 1.13-2.37). Based on cervix dilation, aromatherapy significantly affects LP when cervix dilation is 8-10 cm (UMD: 6.18; 95 CI: 4.51-7.85) and 0-4 cm (UMD: 5.31; 95 CI: 3.74-6.87); but it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores. No publication bias was observed (P=0.113). Mother's age, publication year, sample size, and cervix dilation had no significant effects on heterogeneity (P>0.05). Aromatherapy had a positive impact on relieving LP, and the greatest and least effect was witnessed in dilatation of 8-10 cm and 0-4 cm, respectively. Moreover, it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores

Labor Pain in Different Dilatations of the Cervix and Apgar Scores Affected by Aromatherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Labor pain (LP), as a physiological process, is known as one of the most severe pains. Aromatherapy is one of the methods to reduce LP in the first phase of labor. It is an important approach for enjoyable birth and decreases the severity of pain in today's society. Accordingly, this study aimed to systematically review the relieving effect of aromatherapy in LP and Apgar score. We used international databases such as EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and to conduct a systematic search for all relevant articles. Cochran's Q-test and I-2 statistic were applied to assess heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the unstandardized mean difference (UMD), and a meta-regression method was utilized to investigate the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. A total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis (sample size: 2,566). Overall, aromatherapy leads to relieving LP during delivery (UMD: 1.75; 95 CI: 1.13-2.37). Based on cervix dilation, aromatherapy significantly affects LP when cervix dilation is 8-10 cm (UMD: 6.18; 95 CI: 4.51-7.85) and 0-4 cm (UMD: 5.31; 95 CI: 3.74-6.87); but it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores. No publication bias was observed (P=0.113). Mother's age, publication year, sample size, and cervix dilation had no significant effects on heterogeneity (P>0.05). Aromatherapy had a positive impact on relieving LP, and the greatest and least effect was witnessed in dilatation of 8-10 cm and 0-4 cm, respectively. Moreover, it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores

Labor Pain in Different Dilatations of the Cervix and Apgar Scores Affected by Aromatherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Labor pain (LP), as a physiological process, is known as one of the most severe pains. Aromatherapy is one of the methods to reduce LP in the first phase of labor. It is an important approach for enjoyable birth and decreases the severity of pain in today's society. Accordingly, this study aimed to systematically review the relieving effect of aromatherapy in LP and Apgar score. We used international databases such as EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and to conduct a systematic search for all relevant articles. Cochran's Q-test and I-2 statistic were applied to assess heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the unstandardized mean difference (UMD), and a meta-regression method was utilized to investigate the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. A total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis (sample size: 2,566). Overall, aromatherapy leads to relieving LP during delivery (UMD: 1.75; 95 CI: 1.13-2.37). Based on cervix dilation, aromatherapy significantly affects LP when cervix dilation is 8-10 cm (UMD: 6.18; 95 CI: 4.51-7.85) and 0-4 cm (UMD: 5.31; 95 CI: 3.74-6.87); but it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores. No publication bias was observed (P=0.113). Mother's age, publication year, sample size, and cervix dilation had no significant effects on heterogeneity (P>0.05). Aromatherapy had a positive impact on relieving LP, and the greatest and least effect was witnessed in dilatation of 8-10 cm and 0-4 cm, respectively. Moreover, it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH HEART FAILURE: A NOVEL TWO QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY

Heart failure (HF) is a common disease with high health care costs and high mortality rate Knowledge of the health-related quality of life (QOL) outcomes of HF may guide decision making and be useful in assessing new therapies for population. Yet little is known about QOL of HF patients in Iran. Objectives: To assess health related QOL of patients with HF with two different instrument and to correlate these two measures and to assess the role of relevant factors. Analytic cross sectional study was conducted involving 230 adult patients hospitalized with HF, demographic data and health -related quality of life were determined by interview; for assessing of quality of life was used SF-36 and Minnesota questionnaires. Simple random sampling from ward patients list choose patients. Patients had no other man diseases that affected their quality of life. Results: 118 female (53.3%) and 112 male (48.7%) with mean age of 51.4 +/-13.18 were collected. 61 patients (26.5%) were smoker and 100 patients (43.5%) had positive familial hearth disease history. Quality of life in some subscale: Physical functioning, Role physical and vitality, and Minnesota scare affected from patients age. Male patients had better quality of life than female in Minnesota scale and physical functioning, body pain, general health, vitality and emotional well-being. Duration of diagnosis affected Minnesota scale and role physical. Positive familial heart disease history affected physical functioning. Iranian patients have worse quality of life than other patients. This shows patients age, sex, duration of diagnosis, smoking and positive familial hearth disease history affected quality of life in heart failure patients