Electronic Business model in the context of E-government model in Regional Government in Developing Countries: the case of Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)

Electronic government has become a vital driver for growth, particularly in developing countries. Successful implementation and development of e-government should be associated with business development process. There are various factors influencing implementation of e-government services among business organisations in regional governments in developing countries, such as knowledge divide, social culture, public awareness, amongst various other obstacles to implementation. To overcome such challenges and to identify contributing elements of e-government models it is potential to adapt models used in developing electronic (online) businesses

Molds and mycotoxins in poultry feeds from farms of potential mycotoxicosis

Forty five finished poultry feed samples, collected from different broilers, broiler breeders and layers farms were divided into two parts, for mycological and mycotoxins examination. In counting of molds, dilute plate technique was used, whereas feed parts were used for mycotoxin estimation, they were subjected to four standard kits of Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, T-2 toxin and Fumonisins. Mold counts were around 105 cfu.g-1 sample. Fourteen mold genera were recovered. From the systematic point of view, 2 genera belonged to Zygomycetes (i.e. Mucor, Rhizopus,), 1 genus belong to Ascomycetes (i.e. Eurotium); the majority, within so-called mitotic fungi (formerly Deuteromycetes), encompassed 11 genera (i.e. Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Scopulariopsis,, Trichothecium, Ulocladium and Aerobasidium). The most frequent fungi were those from the genus Aspergillus. The concentrations of the four analyzed mycotoxins in the poultry finished feeds, and the percentages of the recovered mycotoxins, revealed that aflatoxins was recovered in 91.1% of the examined samples, with a mean value of 179.1µg/kg. The same percentage was found with Ochratoxins, but with lower mean concentration of 159.4µg/kg. In the third order were Fumonisins mycotoxins were in the third order, and they were recovered in 51.1% of the tested samples with a mean value of 127µg/kg. In the fourth order was T-2 toxin, with a percentage of 2.2% and a value of 50.0µg/kg

Unsteady MHD flow along exponentially accelerated vertical flat surface through porous medium with variable temperature and hall current in a roatating system

The present study is carried out to examine the unsteady flow along a non-conducting vertical exponentially accelerated infinitely long plate with heat source and Hall current through a porous medium in a rotating system. The non-dimensional governing equations of model are solved by using Integral transform technique. The results are analysed with the help of graphs and tables. It is noticed that the flow pattern is affected significantly with plate acceleration, Hall current, radiation, porous medium and heat source. The outcomes of the study may find applications in various fields related to the solar physics dealing with the solar cycle, the sunspot development, the structure of rotating magnetic stars etc.Keywords: MHD; Rotation; Porous medium; Hall Curren

Mycofix ameliorative effect on Newcastle disease antibody production in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis

Three experiments were conducted to elucidate the alleviation effects of Mycofix plus 3.0 on Newcastle antibody formation during aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. Three levels of Mycofix (0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.25%) and aflatoxin (2.5ppm, 3.5ppm, and 5ppm) were used. Chickens were vaccinated at 8 and 18 days of age. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Haemagglutination inhibition tests were employed for determination Newcastle antibody titers at 28 days. The results showed that, Mycofix , and only at its high level of addition (0.25%) was effective in ameliorating the negative effect of aflatoxin at the rates 2.5ppm and 3.5 ppm levels of inclusion on antibody production but not at the high level of 5ppm on antibody production, comparing with titers in control groups

The Perception of Chinese Construction Professionals Towards the Obstacles Implementing Green Construction

Green construction plays a key role as building block of sustainable development. The economy is significantly affected by the construction industry of the country. There are certain stakeholders in the green construction industry, however project managers (PMs) play significant role in the process of a construction/ rehabilitation project. Generally, the initiative for change or implementing a new system is very challenging issue to deal with. Project manager has to encounter certain obstacles either at several stages of the green construction projects. The present study deals with the identification of the most critical obstacles that have the greatest influence on a project’s outcome in general and particularly in China. To rank the different obstacles extracted from the literature, we use multi criteria decision making (MCDM) tool i.e. TOPSIS. For obtaining input data a team of six experts (project managers) from top Chinese construction companies with an experience of more than 12 years were selected. The results depicts that the most relevant and important obstacles which are critical for green project management are managerial and psychological obstacles and they need to be addressed to improve the project management performance. Keywords: green construction, project management, topsis, project managers

Phase Transformation and Volume Collapse of SmBi under High Pressure

The present study reveals the high pressure phase transition and associated volume collapse of SmBi which crystallize in NaCl (B1) structure. To achieve the goal we have used the modified three body interaction potential model (TBIPM) which is applying probably the first time for any compounds in high pressure model study. These interactions arise due to the electron shell deformation of the overlapping ions in the crystals. During phase transition there is an intermediate tetragonal phase which can be viewed as distorted CsCl (B2) structure and finally it transforms to CsCl (B2) phase. The values of phase transition pressure and associated volume collapse estimated by us are found to be well suited with experimental values. Thus our modified TBIPM is in good agreement with available measured data of SmBi. Keywords: rare-earth compounds, phase transition, van der Waal interactions

The State of Special Needs in the Iraqi Higher Education Context

This paper delves into a comprehensive investigation of the current situation faced by students with special needs (SSNs) and learning disabilities (LDs) across various educational levels. It aims to shed light on the existing challenges experienced by these learners in primary, secondary, and higher education settings. To ensure the validity of the findings, this study adopts a multi-method approach that combines observation, interviews, and an extensive review of relevant literature in the field. By employing observational techniques, researchers closely observe the daily experiences of SSN students within educational environments. Interviews are conducted with students, teachers, and parents to gain valuable insights into their perspectives and understand the specific difficulties they encounter. In addition, the study thoroughly examines prior scholarly works and research papers related to SSN and LD, enhancing the breadth and depth of the investigation. Upon culmination, this paper presents a set of recommendations directed toward the teaching staff, administrative personnel, and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. These suggestions aim to foster an inclusive and supportive educational ecosystem that caters to the unique needs of SSN students. They encompass strategies for curriculum development, teacher training, classroom accommodations, and administrative policies, which collectively contribute to enhancing the learning experience and overall well-being of SSN learners

Uso de caracteres mofologicos y anatomicos para delimiter variadades de Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (Rhamnaceae)

Introduction: Paliurus spina-christi Mill is a species with two varieties namely Paliurus spina-christi L. var. spina-christi and Paliurus spina-christivar. macrocarpa Beck native to mountains of Kurdistan, rarely growing in the upper plains of northern Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 plants from different parts of Kurdistan region were sampled. 30measurements for each characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers, Fruit, seeds, and leaf anatomical characters were measured for comparison between the two varieties. Results and Discussion: Fruit diameter of var. macrocarpa is significantly larger than fruit diameter of var. spina-christi. Most mean flower parts especially the ovary, in addition to seed size is larger in var. macrocarpa. Upper epidermal layer is always thicker than the lower epidermal layer for the same blade. The isobilateral mesophyll includes 2 layers of long palisade cells adaxially and 2-3 layers of short cells abaxially. Many vascular bundles are seen equally spaced in the mesophyll tissue.With the exception of the presence of simple hairs on the petiole adaxial side of the var. spina-cristi and the absence of these hairs from the same site of var. macrocarpa, all other anatomical features are considered to be of no taxonomic application. Stomatal density of the adaxial leaf side is up to 19 stomata per mm² in var. spina-christi while it is up to 38 stomata per mm² in var. macrocarpa. Conclusions: Both fruit diameter and the stomatal density of the adaxial leaf side constitute diagnostic characters for separating between the two varieties of Paliurus spina-christi Mil

The genus Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) in India

This paper provides a comprehensive taxonomic account of the genus Eugenia L. occurring in India. A total of 25 species and two varieties have been enumerated, of which 21 taxa are endemic to the Western Ghats. Eugenia macrosepala, an endemic species of the Western Ghats is reinstated here. Each species is provided with a short description, well known synonyms, types, distribution and phenology. An identification key is also provided

Multi-channel delivery of services – initial pace towards M-Government: the case of Kurdistan region of Iraq

This paper investigates mobile government or (m-Government) developments within the wider context of e-Government but mainly those efforts in Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). The paper analyses other m-Government implementations from a wider perspective. The precise attempts made by developed countries in utilizing the latest technologies and applications for enhancing electronic government or (e-Government) will be explored. Two main challenges have been identified; firstly we explore the multi-channel delivery of e-government for enhancing information and service delivery to citizen. Secondly we propose an architectural design for mgovernment applications, through utilizing the mobile GPS (Global Positioning System) use in traffic police information system to identify and establish the identities of drivers and vehicles in real time