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Not AvailableCastor is an industrially important non-edible oilseed crop grown in arid and semi arid regions and India is the world’s largest producer of castor seed. Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini, Nanda and Prasad) is the most important soil and seed borne disease of castor. Monocropping followed due to its high economic return resulted in the endemic development of wilt which became the limiting factor in castor cultivation in India. Pathogenic variability and aggressiveness in the pathogen is the main cause of breakdown of resistance in host cultivars. The differential reaction of varieties and breeding lines over the years and across the locations indicated prevalence of variants in the pathogen. Pathogenic variability of 75 F. oxysporum f. sp. ricini (For) isolates was tested on castor cultivars viz., Kranthi, JI 35, Haritha, VP-1, 48-1, JI 258 and DCS 9 under pot culture conditions by sick soil method and wilt incidence was recorded at intervals. Many isolates showed 100% wilting with JI-35 while low wilt was recorded with 48-1, JI-258. In Kranthi and VP-1 wilt incidence was more with most of the isolates. 13 Fusarium isolates viz., no.53 (Narkhoda), 59 (Nandimalla gadda) , For- 12-1, 2, 3 (Palem), 10 (Yethapur), 13- 19, 20 (Anand) ,For- 12-16 (Hiriyur, KA), For- 13-33 (Junagadh, GJ), For-180 (Palem), For-113 (Narkhoda),For-112 (Narkhoda) were highly virulent (> 75% wilt incidence ) in tested cultivars. The isolates For-12-13, For-12-11, For- 13-38, For- 13-39 were less virulent and showed low wilt incidence. Apart from castor cultivars, Tapoica and Jatropa which are closely related to castor also were artificially inoculated with wilt pathogen for developing differential lines and were found to be non hosts for F. oxysporum f.sp. ricini.organized by Indian Society of Plant Pathologists (INSOPP) and. Sri Konda Laxman Telangana state Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad from 1st to 3rd Dec., 2015. Pp.3

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Not AvailableRoot rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a major disease of castor in endemic areas and under water stress conditions. Sick pot method was found better artificial inoculation method for screening of castor genotypes than stem tape inoculation method and sorghum grown inoculum of M. phaseolina @ 35 g/kg soil standardized for sick pot method. In both inoculation methods, parental lines ICS-303, ICS-304, ICS-305, ICS-319, DPC-22, and IPC-46 recorded <10% root rot incidence, while ICS-298, ICS-312, and ICS-321 recorded <20% root rot incidence.Not Availabl

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in Proceedings of National symposium on "Recent Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainable Plant Health Management", at IAS, BHU, Varanasi from February, 26-28 2019Not AvailableNot Availabl

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Not AvailableCastor (Ricinus communis) belonging to family Euphorbeaceae is cultivated throughout the world because of commercial importance of oil. India is the largest producer of castor oil. Wilt disease of castor caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp ricini is a major disease in India often resulting in losses of more than 80% of crop yield necessitating interventions for its management. The objective behind this trial is to resort to deep ploughing in summer or soil solarization for 6weeks during peak summer with polythene sheet and application of Trichoderma as seed treatment and as soil application. Treatments viz (a) seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Th4d@10gm/kg seed (b) Seed treatment with T.harzianumTh4d@10gm/kg+furrow application of Trichoderma (c) seed treatment with carbendazim@2gm/kg seed and (d) control without Trichoderma and fungicide, imposed in solarized and non-solarized beds separately. Wilt incidence was recorded at 30 days interval till harvesting. In solarized plot, the wilt incidence was less compared to non-solarized plot. Seed treatment with Trichoderma showed 64.4% in solarized plot and 91% wilt incidence in non-solarized plots respectively. Seed treatment with Trichoderma and spot application near plant showed 55.3% wilt incidence in solarized plot and 96.7% in non-solarized plot. Seed treatment with carbendazim showed 70.5% wilt incidence in solarized and 93.7% in non-solarized plot. In control, 90.3% in solarized and 98.9% wilt incidence in non-solarized plots was recorded respectively.The inoculum load also reduced considerably from 10000-60000 cfu/gm of soil to 1000 to 1500cfu/gm of soil in all the treatments. It indicates that solarization is one of the best option for management of castor wilt disease.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableABSTRACT Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important oilseed crops in the world and it ranks third the area of cultivation after groundnut, mustard and rapeseed. Thirty isolates of alternata causing leaf blight disease of sunflower during rabi season were collected from different conventional sunflower growing areas of India. All the isolates produced light brown ovate to obclavate conidia, which varied in the size (length, width and septa).Based on the variation in pigmentation, color of aerial mycelium the isolates were categorized into five types. Thirty isolates were studied for length, width of conidia and clustering was performed using the Unweighted Pair Group Mean Average which showed 3 major groups. Group I includes 12 isolates and Group III contains 2 isolates. Genetic variability an relationships among the collected isolates were studied by employing the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Thirty two ISSR primers were used to study the genetic relationship among the 30 isolates of A. alternata, out of these twelve primers were selected as polymorphic based on their banding pattern. The genomic DNA isolated from A. alternata isolates a total of 185 bands were amplified with 12 ISSR primers among which 142 bands were showing polymorphism (76%). The maximum genetic similarity observed with ISSR was 0.98 % between A a1 and A a16, while the lowest genetic similarity of 0.22 % was observed between Aa1 and Aa5. Based on the literature cited, this was the first report on morphological and genetic analysis (ISSR analysis) from different sunflower cultivating areas of India.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe potentiality of six fungicides viz., propiconazole, mancozeb, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, combination fungicides, iprodione + carbendazim, carbendazim + mancozeb was evaluated against 220 isolates of Alternariaster helianthi an incitant of leaf blight of sunflower. Blight affected leaf samples were collected, isolated and cultured on sunflower leaf extract medium specific for A. helianthi. Isolates were collected from seven different sunflower growing states of India viz, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and West Bengal to maintain the wide sample range and to include major disease prevalent areas. The average inhibition of fungal growth recorded with the test fungicides ranged from 34.9 (mancozeb) to 66.2% (propiconazole). Among them, propiconazole inhibited the mycelia growth more than 50% irrespective of the isolates tested followed by combination fungicide of carbendazim + mancozeb. Out of all, four fungicides showed more than 50% inhibition of mycelia growth/fresh weight (propiconazole > comb fungicide carbendazim + mancozeb > comb fungicide ipriodine + carbendazim > difenoconazole > hexaconozole > mancozeb). Cluster analysis and principle component analysis revealed that highly sensitive isolates were clearly scattered from others and these were collected from the state of Karnataka viz., Ah-39, Ah-85, Ah-87, from Bihar Ah-153, Ah-154, Ah-159 and from Andhra Pradesh Ah-61, Ah-62, Ah-63, Ah-64, Ah-10, Ah-145, Ah-146. Propiconazole and combination fungicide of carbendazim + mancozeb were the efficient group observed according to ANOVA carried out with the average fresh weight data of the 220 isolates against fungicides. Spraying of propiconazole and combi fungicide carbendazim + mancozeb were found effective for management of leaf blight of sunflower under pot culture conditions. This study reinforces the potential of the azole group act as antifungal agent against A. helianthiNot Availabl

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Not AvailableCastor plant (Ricinus communis) belonging to Euphorbeaciae family is one of the ancient oilseed crops of the world. Castor is cultivated around the world because of its commercial importance where India is the largest producer of castor oil which has much demand. Wilt disease of castor caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ricini is one of the major disease influencing serious yield losses. Host plant resistance is one of the best options for managing the wilt disease. Several parental lines were developed through a resistance breeding programme involving wilt resistant donors both from wild and cultivated genotypes. Standard screening procedures developed at IIOR in a wilt sick plot led to identification of wilt resistance parents and hybrids during last three years (2012-13 to 2014-15).The wilt sick plot is maintained with a Fusarium load of 2 x 10 3 cfu / gm of soil and further confirmed by 100% mortality of JI-35 a highly susceptible parental line after every 5 test entries in the sick plot within 30 days after sowing. The total germination and wilt incidence was recorded at monthly interval up to 150 days after sowing. Among advanced breeding material screened, 17 preliminary hybrids viz.,PHT-2013-11, PHT-2013-15, PHT-2013-23, PHT-2013-27, PHT-2013-32, PHT-2013-46, PHT-11-13-56, PHT-11-13-60, PHT-11-13-62, PHT-11-13-72, PHT-11-13-73, PHT-11-13-77, PHT-11-13-78,PHT-11-13-79,PHT-11-13-80, PHT-11-13-81,PHT 13-2 were highly resistant without wilt incidence. 51 advanced breeding material have shown resistant reaction with < 20% disease incidence. Among 167 castor parental lines screened against wilt, six lines ie Kh 12-317-2, Kh 12-1498-1, DCS-81, DCS-89, DCS-108 and DCS 120 were highly resistant to wilt without wilt disease.73 parental lines were resistant to wilt with <20% disease incidence. Parental lines DCS-86, DCS, 105, DCS 107, DCS 118, DPC 23 and M-571 consistently showed wilt resistance for two consecutive years. These parental lines can be used in breeding programme for development of resistant castor cultivars.Indian Phytopathological Societ

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Not AvailableThe potentiality of six fungicides viz., propiconazole, mancozeb, difenoconazole, hexaconazole, combination fungicides,iprodione+carbendazim, carbendazim+mancozeb was evaluated against 220 isolates of Alternariaster helianthi an incitant of leaf blight of sunfower. Blight afected leaf samples were collected, isolated and cultured on sunfower leaf extract medium specifc for A. helianthi. Isolates were collected from seven diferent sunfower growing states of India viz, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and West Bengal to maintain the wide sample range and to include major disease prevalent areas. The average inhibition of fungal growth recorded with the test fungicides ranged from 34.9 (mancozeb) to 66.2% (propiconazole). Among them, propiconazole inhibited the mycelia growth more than 50% irrespective of the isolates tested followed by combination fungicide of carbendazim+mancozeb. Out of all, four fungicides showed more than 50% inhibition of mycelia growth/fresh weight (propiconazole>comb fungicide carbendazim+mancozeb>comb fungicide ipriodine+carbendazim>difenoconazole>hexaconozole>mancozeb). Cluster analysis and principle component analysis revealed that highly sensitive isolates were clearly scattered from others and these were collected from the state of Karnataka viz., Ah-39, Ah-85, Ah-87, from Bihar Ah-153, Ah-154, Ah-159 and from Andhra Pradesh Ah-61, Ah-62, Ah-63, Ah-64, Ah-10, Ah-145, Ah-146. Propiconazole and combination fungicide of carbendazim+mancozeb were the efcient group observed according to ANOVA carried out with the average fresh weight data of the 220 isolates against fungicides. Spraying of propiconazole and combi fungicide carbendazim+mancozeb were found efective for management of leaf blight of sunfower under pot culture conditions. This study reinforces the potential of the azole group act as antifungal agent against A. helianthi

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Not AvailableIn the present study, the intra and inter specific polymorphisms among the isolates of Alternaria earthami which causes leaf blight on Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were investigated by employing 20 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 15 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. The genetic surulanty was studied by using Unwilghted Pair Group Mean Average (UPGMA) cluster analysis of RAPD and ISSR datasets by employing NTSYSPc (V2.0). Similarity co-efficient differentiated all isolates from each other and revealed considerable molecular variability between the isolates. Among the five isolates, the percentage of polymorphism was observed was 65% with RAPD and 50.6% with ISSR primers. The results show that RAPD and ISSR markers were suitable for the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms among the isolates of A. carthami.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCastor wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum t.sp. ricini is an economically important and major disease of castor. Variation in resistance to wilt was observed among castor hybrids! varieties in different cultivated areas because of pathotypes. Isolates of fungus were collected from different castor growing areas of India and morphological, cultural characters were studied. The effect of culture filtrates of these isolates was tested on germination of castor seeds and wilt incidence with a view to study differences in the toxin production among the isolates. The isolates showed variation in mycelial growth, pigmentation, sporulation, size of conidia and production of micro and macroconidia. Culture filtrate of the isolates reduced the germination of castor seeds. The germination was directly correlated with the concentration of the culture filtrate in comparison to check. Maximum inhibition in germination was observed with undiluted culture filtrate followed by 100 and 75 ppm concentration. The isolates also differed in the degree of inhibiting the root growth. All the seedlings wilted in undiluted culture filtrate of all isolates whereas, no wilting was observed in seedlings kept at 25 ppm conc. Isolates varied in production of toxin and thereby wilt incidence. The reaction of the 29 isolates on castor cultivars indicated the existence of different virulence of isolates in different castor growing areas of country and five pathotypes of the pathogen were characterized. Isolates 2,14 and 15 were virulent and attacked DCS 9 and Kranthi cultivars. The genetic variation of isolates of F. oxysporum t.sp. ricini was studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Tho isolates were grouped into five clusters based on molecular polymorphism generated by RAPD primers. The grouping of isolates based on pathogenic variation has no correlation with grouping based on RAPD analysis with most of the test isolates.Not Availabl