Lump-Sum Bonus Satisfaction: Testing the Construct Validity of a New Pay Satisfaction Dimension

There are both practical and theoretical reasons to measure lump-sum bonus satisfaction. The practical need for such a measure stems from its increased use as a component in modern compensation practices. Based on the means of administering and allocating lump-sum bonuses, a theoretical case can be built suggesting that lump-sum bonus satisfaction constitutes a separate component of pay satisfaction fitting into the Pay Satisfaction Questionaire\u27s (PSQ) theoretical framework. We develop 4 questions that complement the PSQ, and use a series of techniques to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure. Empirical evidence shows that bonus-related items are more related to the lump-sum bonus satisfaction measure than other PSQ dimensions. We also demonstrate that the dimension of lump-sum bonus satisfaction has a substantive relationship with attitudinal variables beyond that provided by pay level variables and the PSQ. The development of this measure should foster greater accuracy when assessing pay satisfaction levels and the effects of lump-sum bonus pay policies

A New Theorem Concerning Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves in Multilayered Metamaterial Spherical Structures

The proposed theorem in this paper is indicative of a kind of duality in the propagation of waves in the dual media of and in the spherical structures. Independent of wave frequency, the number of layers, their thickness, and the type of polarization, this theorem holds true in case of any change in any of these conditions. Theorem: Consider a plane wave incident on a multilayered spherical structure. The core of structure may be PEC, metamaterial or dielectric. If we apply the interchange or for the constituting materials of the spherical structure and the surrounding medium the radar cross section of the structure will not change in any direction

The Role of Big Five Personality Factors and Defense Mechanisms in Predicting Quality of Life in Sexually Dysfunctional Female Patients

Sexual dysfunction can lead to behavioral problems and reduction in a person's quality of life. In 50 % of patients with personality disorders, there is also sexual dysfunction. Psychoanalysis approach attributes the cause of sexual dysfunction to a kind of fundamental anxiety as well as the use of immature mechanisms in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of big five personality traits and defensive mechanisms in predicting these patients' quality of life. Statistical sample of this research included 80 women attending sexual health and family clinics of Shahed University using accessible sampling during 2010 and 2011. These subjects were given the Neo Personality Inventory Traits, Defensive Mechanisms, and the World Health organization Quality of Life Questionnaires to answer. The findings showed that personality traits could predict the quality of life in woman with sexual dysfunction. Moreover, among those five personality traits, neuroticism (:./24 P=./04) and conscientiousness(:./31 P=./03) were able to predict the quality of life while predictability rate of both factors was 37% of variance on the whole (p=0/05). Based on regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between the quality of life and defensive mechanisms so that using more mature defensive mechanisms (:./37 P=./006) and immature defensive mechanisms (:-./31 P= ./02) could significantly predict quality of life (p=0/0001). Also, neurotic defensive mechanisms were not significant predictors of these women' quality of life. (;./04 P=./78)

The Effect of Hypericum Perforarum on Anxiety and Depressant Activity in Wistar Rats Exposed to Phenol

Introduction: For a Long time, anxiety has been an important issue in psychology and different drugs have been applied to treat it. Various studies have demonstrated that the plant Hypericum perforatum has an antidepressant effect. With the industrialization of human societies, pollutants like phenol can be entered in the life cycle that have adverse effects on body organs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antianxiety and antidepressant effects of Hypericum Perforarum extract in rats that were exposed to phenol. Methods: In this study, 54 Wistar rats were used in terms of a 3×3 factorial design with 3 levels of Hypericum perforatum extract (0, 250 and 500 mg/kg.bw) and 3 levels of phenol (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg.bw). Rats received the extract and phenol every other day via gavage method for periods of 15 and 30 days, respectively. Thirty min after each gavage, a behavior test was performed by using the open field and elevated plus-maze. Recuperative effects of Hypericum perforatum were assessed within short (first 15 days) and long (second 15 days) periods. Results: The statistic findings indicated that there were no significant differences between behavior tests with respect to the treatments (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The study results proposed that the used levels of Hypericum Perforarum extract did not show any significant effects on reduction of anxious and depressant behaviors in phenol exposed Wistar rats

Comparison of Preanesthetic Sedation after Intranasal Administration of Fentanyle, Ketamin and Midazolam

Introduction & Objective: Induction of anesthesia in children can be a challenge for anesthetist. A stormy induction may increase the personality & behavioral changes. Therefore, it is desirable that they enter the operating room sedated. Many drugs are used for preanesthetic medication and there are many routes for administration. One route of administration is nasal mucous. In this study we compared the effect and side effect of three drugs (midazolam, ketamin and fentanyle) after intra nasal administration. Materials & Methods: This is a double blind clinical trial. In this study we selected 60 patients (20 patients for every group A, B or C.) We used 3 mg/kg ketamin or 3µg/kg fentanyle or 0.3 mg/kg midazolam by intranasal spray. After administration and in 5, 10 and 15 minutes, we observed the SPO2, PR and RR. After 15 min’s we separated children from parents and brought them to the operating room and controlled the acceptance of separation, depth of sedation with Ramsay score, acceptance of mask and tolerance of IV canulation. The data were then analyzed using K2 and kruskal-wallis test. Results: In our study we found that in SPO2 fentanyle had the highest rate of reduction even though none of the children had SPO2 lower than 90%. There were no differences between drugs in RR. In fentanyle group, we had the lowest rate and in ketamin group the highest rate. Midazolam had the medium rate. The rate of sedation for acceptance of separation from parents had no difference between the groups and all drugs with this dosage were effective for this aim. However, in Ramsay score, acceptance of mask and tolerance of IV canulation, the midazolam was more effective than the others. Conclusion: Intranasal administration of midazolam is a safe route for sedation in children in the pre-anesthetic time

Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with a Moving Slab: Fundamental Dyadic Method

Abstract—This paper concerns with the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a moving slab. Consider a homogeneous isotropic slab moving uniformly in an arbitrary direction surrounded by an isotropic medium (free space). In this paper a new simple and systematic method is proposed for analyzing reflection and transmission of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves by a moving slab based on the concept of propagators. In the previous works complex relations were arrived but using this novel method those complexities will not appear thus the method may be extended to more complex structures. In this method, first, electric and magnetic fields are decomposed into their tangential and normal components then each constitutive dyadic is decomposed into a two-dimensional dyadic in transverse plane and two two-dimensional vectors in this plane. Substituting these dyadics into Maxwell’s equations gives a first order differential equation which contains fundamental dyadic of the medium. From the solution of this equation, fields inside the slab may be expressed in terms of fields at the front surface of the slab and the propagator matrix which is an exponential function of fundamental dyadic. Using this method the up-going and down-going tangential electromagnetic fields may be obtained at the same time. As a limiting case a slab with vanishing velocity is discussed using this method, and reflection and transmission coefficients of this slab are derived, which ends in Fresnel’s equations. At last, several typical examples are provided to exemplify the applicability of the proposed method. Moreover, the results are compared with the method of Lorentz transformation. A good agreement is observed between the results which verifies the validity of the proposed method. 1