Medication adherence and its associated factors among diabetic patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Objective: Diabetes is a global problem with devastating human, social and economic impact. Anti-diabetic medications play a major role in the glycemic control of patients with diabetes. However, inadequate adherence compromises safety and treatment effectiveness, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to anti-diabetic medications and associated factors among patient with diabetes mellitus receiving care at Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Results: Among the total of 146 diabetic patients (mean age 46.5 ± 14.7), the level of adherence to anti diabetic medication was 54.8% (80) whilst 45.2% (66) of the participants were non adherent. Multiple logistic regression showed that knowledge of medication (AOR = 4.905, 95% CI 1.64–14.62, medication availability (AOR = 0.175, 95% CI 0.031–0.987) and education level (AOR = 13.65, 95% CI 1.45–128.456) were reasons for non-adherence

Factors Affecting Efl Students' Unwillingness to Communicate in English in Campus

Language learners' willingness to communicate in the target language is the key role in achieving their language learning goals. The notion of ‘Willingness to Communicate' (WTC) is a model or concept that integrates psychological, linguistic, and communicative variables in order to describe, explain, and predict foreign or second language communication. This study was conducted to explore the possible factors affecting EFL students' unwillingness to communicate in English in campus. The data were gathered from three research participants using unstructured interview and were analyzed qualitatively using narrative inquiry method and thematic analysis strategy. The findings of this study revealed that the main factors affecting the students' unwillingness to communicate in English during the learning time in campus were linguistic, psycholinguistic, socio-cultural, and institutional factors. And among those major factors, socio-cultural and institutional factors were identified to be the most dominant ones that affected the participants' unwillingness to communicate in English in campus

Pengembangan Model Micro Teaching Calon Guru di Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengembangan model micro teaching calon guru di Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak? Dengan tujuan untuk menemukan model micro teaching yang dapat digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah lokal di Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan model di Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak. Instrument utaman penelitiannya adalah penulis, dibantu dengan alat perekam, lembar observasi, dan daftar pertanyaan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriftif kualitatif. Dari penelitian tersebut dihasilkan sebuah model pembelajaran micro teaching, yaitu Model Core Teaching sandard yang mengacu pada pembelajaran konstruktivistik. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan Model, Micro Teaching Abstrac: The problem in this study is how the development model of micro teaching prospective teachers in Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak?with the to find a micro teaching models that can be used in solving local problems in Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak. This research is a research and development model study at Sekolah Tinggi Pastoral Santo Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak. The researcher is the main research instruments aided by vidieo recorders, observation sheets, and interview lists. The data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. From these studies produced a micro teaching learning modelis a model core teaching standards refers to the constructivist learning. Keywork: Development of model, and micro teachin

The Application of Taguchi Technique in Mild Steel Weld Prediction and Optimization

Welding is a key joining operation in many production and manufacturing industries, and it requires a scientific approach in obtaining a weld of high quality. This study focuses on the prediction and optimization of the weld parameters of a mild steel plate using Taguchi technique. For experimental examination, a mild steel plate of 10mm thickness, along with input process parameters such as weld current, arc voltage, gas flow rate, and output process parameter such as hardness were studied.  With the statistical tool, ANOVA, further analysis performed to determine the significance of the data obtained shows that for all the responses, a Model F-value of between 64 and 129.85 was obtained, along with a P-value less than 0.05, implying that the model is significant. Furthermore, based on statistical evidence using P-values, all the model terms; welding current, arc voltage and gas flow rate recorded significant contribution to the outcome of the welding experiment, with the weld current having the most significant effect. The optimal result for the responses was obtained 192BHN for the hardness, at a combined process parameters as follows; 200amps, 20v and 20lt/min for the weld current, arc voltage and gas flow rate respectively

Effects of Fermented Soya Bean Supplements on Serum Insulin and Leptin Levels of High Fat Diet-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits

Background: Increase in body fat and obesity are the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus which leads to several complications that affect many organs of the body when poorly controlled. Plant food sources rich in fibre and antioxidants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented soya bean supplements on serum insulin and leptin levels of high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits. Methods: Twenty rabbits of both sexes weighing, 1–2kg were used. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding the animals with a high fat diet for eight weeks. Blood glucose levels were determined after the induction period and rabbits having 130 mg/dL and above were selected for the study. The animals were grouped into four groups with five (n=5) rabbits in each group: Group 1 (diabetic control), received distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; Groups 2, 3 and 4 (diabetic rabbits) were fed with 12.5%, 25% and 50% fermented soya bean supplements respectively for a period of six weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined at weekly interval during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the rabbits were euthanized by cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected for the determination of insulin, and leptin levels. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA. Results: The result showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in leptin levels (ng/mL) in groups 2, 3 and 4 (11.30 ± 0.20, 9.20 ± 2.06 and 6.40 ± 1.36, respectively) as compared with the control (18.8 ± 1.59). Insulin levels were also decreased in all the treated groups when compared with the control, though not statistically significant, it may be biologically significant. Conclusion: The results of the study show that fermented soya bean supplementation possesses anti-diabetic properties and may help in the control of hyperleptinaemi

Prophylactic Ketamine Reduces Incidence of Postanaesthetic Shivering

General anesthesia influences the thermoregulatory process. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of low-dose prophylactic ketamine with that ofplacebo in preventing postoperative shivering. A prospective randomized double-blind study involved 76 ASA I and II patients undergoing general anesthesia that was expected to last no more than 2 hours. Patientswere randomly allocated to receive normal saline (Group P, n=33) or ketamine 0.5 mg kg (Group K, n=33) intravenously 20 min before completion of surgery. The anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5-3.0 mgkg and fentanyl (2 -3 μgkg ), atracurium 0.5 mgkg ) was given to facilitateorotracheal intubation. It was maintained with propofol (510 mgkg hr ), fentanylup to (5 μg · kg · h and a mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen (2:1). Ambient temperature was maintained at 20°22°C with constant humidity. Postoperative shivering in the recovery room was evaluated according to 5 point scale ofWrench. The two groups did not differ significantly regarding patient characteristics. The number of patients shivering onarrival in the recovery room, and at 10 and 20 min after operationwas significantly less in Groups K than in Group P. In group P 36% have had shivering in T0 whereas in group K 6%, in T10 45% in group P whereas 18% in group K. In T 20 24% in group Phave had shivering compared with6%in group K, whereas in T309%in group P compared with 0% in group K. The incidence of free Postanaesthetic shivering (no shivering) on arrival in the recovery room T0 was: 63.6% in group P compared with 90.9 % in group K. The postoperative hemodynamic parameters were similar in the two groups. Active warming was not required in group K but was needed in 8 cases in group P. None of patients had episodes of O desaturation or respiratory depression during the study period. No hallucinations, delirium, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, tachycardia, and feeling like walking in the space or nystagmus were seen in any of the patients. Prophylactic low-dose ketamine was found to be effectivein preventing postoperative shivering.

Performing Hybrid Learning at Islamic Higher Education Institusions for Mitigating Learning Loss

This research delves into the integration of hybrid learning amidst digital disruption, targeting the reduction of learning gaps within PTKI (Islamic Higher Education Institutions) context. Utilizing a blend of quantitative analysis of student data and qualitative methods including interviews, surveys, and observations across three PTKIs in South Sumatra, Indonesia, the study evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid learning in mitigating learning loss. Results highlight that the combination of virtual and traditional classroom elements through hybrid learning significantly narrows learning deficits, enhances student involvement, and fosters better academic outcomes. These findings serve as a valuable contribution to understanding hybrid learning practices specifically within PTKI settings, shedding light on its potential in addressing educational challenges amid digital advancements

Drug utilization and prescribing pattern in the treatment of urolithiasis: a perspective on World Health Organization recommendations

Background: Drug utilization research (DUR) is essential in promoting rational use of medicine, aimed at understanding the patterns of prescription, administration, and utilization of medications. It provides valuable insights into the actual drug usage patterns for specific disease conditions. To evaluate the current utilization pattern of drugs in patients of urolithiasis in the Department of General Medicine and Surgery at Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research Hospital, Lucknow. Methods: Following the approval of the institutional ethics committee, a prospective observational study was conducted at Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research Department of general medicine and surgery over a six-month period. Urolithiasis patients’ prescriptions were analyzed to study the prescribing patterns. Information about patient demographics, co-morbidities, and the number and types of medications prescribed were collected and analyzed. Results: Out of 102 patients studied, a female preponderance over male patients was observed. The co-morbidities that are encountered most commonly were hydronephrosis, cystitis, and renal cyst. There is averaged 7 medicines per prescription, 15.25% of medicines written by the generic name, 83.33% of patients receiving antibiotics, 54.70% of patients receiving injections, and 83% of drugs prescribed are mentioned in the essential medicine list. Analgesics, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, antiemetic, alkalizing agents, and antispasmodics were among the class of medicines given. Conclusions: This study highlights the current use of medicines and drug utilization in urolithiasis management. The findings show important insights for healthcare professionals to enhance medication therapy, encourage cost-effective healthcare delivery and improve quality of patient in urolithiasis management