Level of physical activity of women in comparison to quantity and composition of meals of women

Sposób żywienia kobiet w Polsce cechuje wiele błędów i nieprawidłowych zachowań żywieniowych. Celem badania była ocena zależności pomiędzy poziomem aktywności fizycznej kobiet a ilością i składem ich posiłków, z uwzględnieniem zjawiska dojadania między posiłkami. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone wśród 247 kobiet w wieku 19-64 lata, w tym 96 respondentek (38.8%) pochodziło z województwa świętokrzyskiego a 151 (61.2%) z województwa dolnośląskiego. Badanie wykonano z wykorzystaniem portalu e-Badania, z użyciem ankiety online. Poziom aktywności fizycznej oceniono używając międzynarodowego kwestionariusza IPAQ (wersja krótka). Ilość i skład posiłków oraz zjawisko dojadania między posiłkami analizowano za pomocą kwestionariusza QEB. Do analizy statystycznej wyników badań użyto testu Chi2. Najwięcej kobiet spożywało 4 posiłki dziennie, następnie 3 i 5 lub więcej posiłków. Aż 84.2% kobiet dojadało między posiłkami. Najczęściej spożywanymi produktami w trakcie śniadania były: pieczywo, napoje gorące, mięso, wędliny, jaja, sery twarogowe lub twarogowo-podpuszczkowe oraz mleko i napoje mleczne; w trakcie obiadu: mięso i przetwory mięsne, surówki warzywne, zupy, dodatki skrobiowe, ziemniaki w różnej postaci oraz warzywa po obróbce termicznej; w trakcie kolacji: pieczywo, napoje gorące, mięso, wędliny, owoce i/lub warzywa, sery twarogowe i żółte. W posiłkach kobiet rzadko gościły: przetwory zbożowe, soki owocowe i/lub warzywne, ryby oraz warzywa i owoce w postaci surowej. Często dojadanymi produktami między posiłkami były: owoce, słodycze oraz słodzone i niesłodzone napoje mleczne. Rzadziej dojadanymi produktami były: orzechy i nasiona, warzywa oraz słone przekąski. Poziom aktywności fizycznej kobiet był czynnikiem różnicującymi ilość, skład posiłków oraz rodzaj dojadanych produktów.The diet of women in Poland is characterized by various errors and incorrect eating behaviours. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the level of physical activity of women and the amount and composition of meals, taking into account the effect of meal intervals. The study was conducted among 247 women aged 19-64, of which 96 respondents (38.8%) were from Świętokrzyskie voivodship and 151 (61.2%) from Lower Silesian voivodship. The research was conducted with the e-Research portal, using an online survey. Physical activity was assessed using the international IPAQ questionnaire. The quantity and composition of meals and the effect of meal intervals were analysed using the QEB questionnaire. Chi2 was used for statistical analysis. Most women consumed 4 meals a day, next 3 and 5 or more meals. As many as 84.2% of women were eating between meals. The most commonly consumed products during breakfast were: bread, hot drinks, meat, cold cuts, eggs, cottage cheese or rennet and semi-hard pressed rennet cheese, milk and milk drinks; during dinner: meat and meat products, vegetable salads, soups, starch products, potatoes of various forms and vegetables after heat treatment; during supper: bread, hot drinks, meat, cold cuts, fruits and/or vegetables, cottage cheese and yellow cheese. In women's meals there were rarely present: cereal products, fruit and vegetable juices, fish and vegetables and raw fruit. Commonly eaten products between meals were: fruit, sweets and sweetened or unsweetened milk drinks. Less commonlyconsumed products were: nuts and seeds, vegetables and salty snacks. The level of physical activity of the women was the factor that differentiated the amount of food, the composition of the meals and the type of food eaten

Sclerostin as a novel marker of bone turnover in athletes

Sclerostin is a protein secreted by osteocytes that acts as an inhibitor of bone formation. It has been shown that physical activity affects sclerostin concentration and thus bone remodelling. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum concentrations of sclerostin, selected bone turnover markers (PTH, P1NP), 25(OH) D3 and the intake of calcium and vitamin D in physically active versus sedentary men. A total of 59 healthy men aged 17-37 were enrolled in the study (43 athletes and 16 non-athletes). The mean sclerostin concentration in the group of athletes (A) was significantly higher than in non-athletes (NA) (35.3±8.9 vs 28.0±5.6 pmol• l-1, p= 0.004). A compared with NA had higher concentrations of P1NP (145.6±77.5 vs 61.2±22.3 ng• ml-1, p= <0.0001) and 25(OH)D3 (16.9±8.4 vs 10.3±4.3 ng • ml-1, p= 0.004) and lower concentrations of PTH (25.8±8.3 vs 38.2±11.5 pg• ml-1, p= <0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 77% of A and 100% of NA. A and NA had similar daily energy intake. They did not differ as to the intake of calcium and vitamin D. We observed a negative correlation between the serum concentrations of sclerostin and calcium in the studied subjects. Our results suggest that regular, long-lasting physical training may be associated with higher concentration of sclerostin. It seems that increased sclerostin is not related to other bone turnover markers (PTH, P1NP)

An Evaluation of the Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 and Bone Turnover Markers in Professional Football Players and in Physically Inactive Men

Summary Vitamin D is synthesised in the skin during exposure to sunlight and its fundamental roles are the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone mineralisation. The aim of our study was to evaluate serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , PT