An Integrative Neurological Model for Basic Observable Human Behavior

The scientific method uncovers information from the natural world in small increments. This spurs the design of models to explain how the pieces fit together and to identify future targets of research. This is especially the case in psychology, where visualizing concepts is an advantageous practice. One all too common criticism of cognitive and behavioral models in psychology is the lack of a biological basis. This paper aims to alleviate part of this issue by integrating currently understood biological and neurological mechanisms that drive psychological phenomena into a predictive and descriptive model for basic human behavior. To accomplish this task, this paper explores numerous scientific reviews and studies regarding sensory perception, emotion, learning, and memory. This paper also features original research about decision making. Creating this model is a necessary first step for targeting possible future research and clinical practices related to human behavior

Re-Thinking James Buchanan

On Saturday, September 19th, local citizens, historians, Civil War enthusiasts, and the rare college student alike converged at the LancasterHistory.org Campus of History for the second day of the President James Buchanan National Symposium. The theme for the symposium was The Worlds of Thaddeus Stevens and James Buchanan: Race, Gender, and Politics in the Civil War Era, thus it featured the lives of two of Lancaster, Pennsylvania’s most prominent historical residents and two of the most colorful characters of the Civil War era [excerpt

Joshua Chamberlain on Mars: Chambermania and Beyond!

You don’t need to be a rocket scientist to observe one fact about Mars: it has a lot of rocks. While each is typically given a name based on protocols of scientific classification, many are known by informal, often humorous names like Grandma and Space Ghost. And now on Mars, there’s a rock for fans of Civil War history— Chamberlain, named of course for Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, the hero of Little Round Top [excerpt]

Confederate Flag Memory in Gettysburg, PA

Few towns in the United States can claim to be as in touch with its Civil War history as Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. As the site of one of the war’s most significant battles, Gettysburg today lives and breathes the Civil War every day through the historical tourism that Gettysburg National Military Park encourages, which itself has bred a Civil War merchandise economy in the town itself. As such, the town naturally becomes a new battleground for contemporary issues regarding the memory of the Civil War—including, most significantly, the interpretation and presentation of the Confederate battle flag. As the nation passed the 150th anniversary of the war itself, reigniting discussion on its purpose and legacy, controversies flared nationally and locally on display of the Confederate battle flag and its meaning as a symbol of racial hatred or southern heritage. During the summer of 2016, 11 members of the Gettysburg community with a stake in these discussions were interviewed on their thoughts and feelings towards the Confederate flag

The Clash of Storytelling and History

One of the most enduring archetypes of heroic storytelling is the triumph of the underdog: a figure who overcomes great and powerful foes due to their innate virtues, the nobility of their goal, or the hubris of their arrogant and highly flawed enemy. Their triumph illustrates the existence of greater forces of fairness, justice, and righteousness in their story world: a world in which they who are truly deserving of victory find it, and they who are unworthy are cast down – a story which has a spotty record at best in the real world. The narrative does not necessarily have to be so grand, either (the casting down of an enemy is completely optional). The enduring narrative of the self-made-man, for instance, follows a similar path: here is a person who has no material advantages to speak of, but is able to rise to the top of society through their own virtue and skill, triumphing against all odds [excerpt]

From Russia with Love: John and Nadine Turchin

In August 1856, Ivan Vasilievitch Turchaninov and Nedezhda Dmitrievna Lvow arrived in the United States. The two had been married for only three months, and were both natives of the Russian Empire. Ivan was descended from a family of Cossacks with a strong military background in whose footsteps he followed by attending military school in St. Petersburg. He had served as an army captain during the Crimean War, stationed in the critical port city of Sevastopol, and was part of the forces sent to put down rebellions in both Poland and Hungary. It was while stationed in Russia that he had met Nedezhda, a highly educated and articulate woman with ties to the aristocracy. [excerpt