3,221 research outputs found
Investigating the Effects of Word Substitution Errors on Sentence Embeddings
A key initial step in several natural language processing (NLP) tasks
involves embedding phrases of text to vectors of real numbers that preserve
semantic meaning. To that end, several methods have been recently proposed with
impressive results on semantic similarity tasks. However, all of these
approaches assume that perfect transcripts are available when generating the
embeddings. While this is a reasonable assumption for analysis of written text,
it is limiting for analysis of transcribed text. In this paper we investigate
the effects of word substitution errors, such as those coming from automatic
speech recognition errors (ASR), on several state-of-the-art sentence embedding
methods. To do this, we propose a new simulator that allows the experimenter to
induce ASR-plausible word substitution errors in a corpus at a desired word
error rate. We use this simulator to evaluate the robustness of several
sentence embedding methods. Our results show that pre-trained neural sentence
encoders are both robust to ASR errors and perform well on textual similarity
tasks after errors are introduced. Meanwhile, unweighted averages of word
vectors perform well with perfect transcriptions, but their performance
degrades rapidly on textual similarity tasks for text with word substitution
errors.Comment: 4 Pages, 2 figures. Copyright IEEE 2019. Accepted and to appear in
the Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,
and Signal Processing 2019 (IEEE-ICASSP-2019), May 12-17 in Brighton, U.K.
Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to
reprint/republish this material must be obtained from the IEE
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Detects Anaerobic Threshold
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides assessment of the integrative responses involving the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems. Application of exercise testing remains limited to children who are able to understand and cooperate with the exercise protocol. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a noninvasive, continuous method to monitor regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2). Our specific aim was to predict anaerobic threshold (AT) during CPET noninvasively using two-site NIRS monitoring. Achievement of a practical noninvasive technology for estimating AT will increase the compatibility of CPET. Patients without structural or acquired heart disease were eligible for inclusion if they were ordered to undergo CPET by a cardiologist. Data from 51 subjects was analyzed. The ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) was computed on VCO2 and respiratory quotient post hoc using the standard V-slope method. The inflection points of the regional rSO2 time-series were identified as the noninvasive regional NIRS AT for each of the two monitored regions (cerebral and kidney). AT calculation made using an average of kidney and brain NIRS matched the calculation made by VAT for the same patient. Two-site NIRS monitoring of visceral organs is a predictor of AT
Reviewing the Government's Numbers on Regulation
This paper has two objectives: first, to provide more information on the data used to construct a controversial economic analysis published by the Joint Center that makes use of over 100 government regulatory impact analyses; and second, to provide further sensitivity analysis of key variables in that study. A key finding of this paper is that the results of the earlier analysis of government regulatory impact analyses appear to be fairly robust within the data set that was constructed. We offer the following conclusions. First, aggregate net benefits for final regulations are positive under a wide variety of assumptions. Second, a substantial number of final regulations do not pass a benefit-cost test under a wide variety of assumptions. By rejecting at least some of these regulations, government could have increased aggregate net social benefits. Third, aggregate net benefits exhibit a wide range across regulations. And fourth, agencies should improve the quality of their regulatory impact analyses. Also of interest from the Joint Center: The Economic Analysis of Regulation: A Response to the Critics Robert W. Hahn
Implications of precision measurements on texture specific fermion mass matrices
Implications of texture specific mass matrices have been investigated for
both quarks and neutrinos. Interestingly, for the case of quarks Fritzsch-like
texture 4 zero mass matrices have been found to be compatible with the present
precisely known sin2\beta as well as other precise CKM matrix elements. In the
case of leptonic mass matrices, for both Majorana and Dirac neutrinos we find
that for texture 4, 5, 6 zero mass matrices the inverted hierarchy and
degenerate scenarios of neutrino masses are ruled out by the present data.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Decays of bottom mesons emitting tensor meson in final state using ISGW II model
In this paper, we investigate phenomenologically two-body weak decays of the
bottom mesons emitting pseudoscalar/vector meson and a tensor meson. Form
factors are obtained using the improved ISGW II model. Consequently, branching
ratios for the CKM-favored and CKM-suppressed decays are calculated.Comment: 32 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev.
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