Surface conditions of aluminum matrix composites after the electrical discharge machining

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury stereometrycznej po obróbce elektroerozyjnej (WEDM) osnowy z Al20Si1Mg i na jej bazie utworzonych kompozytów umacnianych cząstkami ceramicznymi Al2O3, SiC lub Si3N4 o zawartości 5% objętościowo. Osnowa i kompozyty wytworzone były metodami metalurgii proszkowej P/M i obrabiane WEDM przy dwóch nastawach: E2 i E7. Przedstawiono stereometryczne obrazy powierzchni próbek po WEDM oraz liniowe wykresy chropowatości. Uzyskane wyniki liczbowe szeregu parametrów, charakteryzujących stereometrię powierzchni obrobionej, pozwoliły na sformułowanie szeregu wniosków i spostrzeżeń dotyczących odmienności tej struktury w stosunku do struktur powstających po obróbce WEDM metali i ich stopów.The results of investigation into surface texture after the WEDM process have been presented for the composites on a matrix Al20Si1Mg and reinforced by 5% volume of ceramic particles Al2O3, SiC or Si3N4. The matrix and the composites have been developed by powder metallurgy technology and they were subjected to the WEDM process for two technological regime settings E2 and E7. Stereometric images of the obtained sample surface as well as roughness profiles have been presented. The obtained digital results for a range of parameters featuring machined surface stereometry made it possible to draw numerous conclusions as to the difference of such structure compared to other structure formed after the WEDM process for other metals and their alloys

Strategies influencing energy efficiency of lighting solutions

Lighting technologies developed significantly in the last decade. New LED light sources, dedicated luminaires and improved lighting control techniques gave rise to new possibilities in improving energy efficiency of lighting solutions. The article is an overview of interior, road and exterior architectural object lighting design strategies. It also presents design considerations that directly impact lighting conditions and energy eff iciency. Practical examples of the application of basic design strategies, accompanied by the obtained energy results, are also depicted. Issues discussed in the article may be useful in researching and designing interior and road lighting, as well as f loodlighting. They can also be useful in planning and implementing strategies aimed at improving lighting conditions and energy efficiency of lighting solutions