Study of surgical outcome of mid third clavicle fractures surgically managed by locking compression plate

Clavicle is one of the most frequently fractured bones in young and active individuals. They account for 2.6-12% of all fractures and for 44-66% of fractures around the shoulder. Majority of clavicle fractures are mid shaft (80-85%). Functional outcome of midshaft fracture not only depends on the union but also on its length which has to be maintained. Thus a displaced or comminuted fracture carries a risk of symptomatic malunion, non-union or poor functional outcome with cosmetic deformity. The recent trend is shifting to internal fixation of these displaced mid shaft clavicle fracture. This was a prospective study of 20 cases of fresh mid third clavicle fracture admitted to MNR medical college and hospital from August 2020 to September 2021. Cases were taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medically unsuitable and patients not willing for surgery were excluded from the study. There were 17 male patients and 3 female patients with mid 1/3 closed clavicle fracture. 12 patients had right sided clavicle fracture and 8 patients had fracture of the left clavicle. All 20 fractures were closed fractures. Majority of the patients sustained fracture due to road traffic accident (high energy trauma) in 16 cases, fall from height in 3 cases and assault in one case. The mean duration to surgery from the day of presentation and injury was 2.1 days for middle third clavicle fractures. Functional outcome as assessed by constant and Murley scoring was favourable with excellent to good result in 97% cases and fair in 3% cases. The average constant score was 93.35 in one year follow up in middle third group. This study has some limitations. The conclusions drawn from this analysis cannot be generalized because of the small number of cases. In conclusion, for middle third clavicle fractures bony union could be achieved with locking compression plates and the clinical outcomes were satisfactory. All the fractures united and there were no cases of nonunion

Crystal structure of (E)-diethyl 2-[(1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylidene]succinate

In the title compound, C23H23NO6S, the phenyl ring is perpendicular [dihedral angle = 89.34 (9)°] to the indole ring system. In the molecule, the ethoxy groups are each disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy ratios of 0.671 (6):0.329 (6) and 0.75 (3):0.25 (3). The molecular conformation is consolidated by a weak C—H...O interaction, which generates an S(6) graph–set motif. The packing of the molecules in the crystal structure features weak C—H...π interactions

Crystal structure of 2-[2-phenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indole

In the title compound, C28H23NO4S2, the indole ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 Å) subtends dihedral angles of 78.69 (13) and 38.97 (13)° with the planes of the N- and C-bonded sulfonylbenzene rings, respectively, and these two benzene rings are inclined to each other at an angle of 65.45 (16)°. The methylene-linked phenyl ring is twisted at an angle of 81.80 (13)° from the indole ring. The molecular structure features two short intramolecular C—H...O contacts, which both generate S(6) rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions, generating a three-dimensional network

Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete with Different Nanomaterials: A Critical Review

With recent technological advances, adding nanomaterials as a reinforcement material in concrete has gained immense attention. This review paper aims to report advances in the form of a one-stop shop catering to methods that focus on improving the quality of traditional concrete. Nanoparticles—the elementary form of nanomaterials—are proven to enhance the strength and longevity of concrete. Nanosilica, nanoalumina, nanometakaolin, carbon nanotubes, and nanotitanium oxide are modern nanomaterials that have demonstrated strong evidence of enhancing concrete quality, which supports infrastructure building and long-term monitoring. Nanoconcrete—an exciting prospect extending the boundaries of traditional civil engineering—exhibited increased compressive and flexural strength using elementary compounds. In particular, the rigorous research survey of many articles reveals an increase in compressive strength from 20% to 63% by replacing the cement with different nanomaterials in different percentages and flexural strength from 16% to 47%